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Free energy + laws
chapter 8- exam 3= free energy + laws of thermodynamics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is energy? | capacity to cause change or do work |
| What are two main forms of energy? | kinetic energy and potential energy |
| what is kinetic energy? | relative motion of an object, heat + thermal activity, light |
| what is potential energy? | energy matter passes because of its location or structure, chemical energy |
| What is an example of kinetic energy? | when a car speeds down the highway, it displays motion |
| What is an example of potential energy? | A boulder perched on a cliff, but hasn't fallen yet |
| What are the two laws of energy transfer (laws of thermodynamics) | the first law and second law |
| what is the first law of thermodynamics? | energy that can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed |
| what is the second law of thermodynamics? | every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe, meaning systems naturally move towards disorder over time |
| Example of the second law of thermodynamics that relates to the natural world | When a plant or animal decomposes, it breaks down into simpler substances, releasing heat and increasing entropy |
| Example of the first law of thermodynamics that relates to the natural world | In photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight into chemical energy stored in glucose |
| Define free energy | energy available to do work when temperature and pressure are uniform, as in a living cell. not lost as heat |
| If you know the free energy of substrates and the free energy of the products, how can you determine the free energy change of a reaction? | subtract the free energy of the substrate from the free energy of the product |
| The reaction is exergonic and releases energy | negative *triangle*G |
| The reaction is endergonic and requires energy input | positive *triangle*G |
| define systems | group of parts working together as a unified whole. |
| define surroundings | everything outside an organism or system that influences it. |
| define universe | the entirety of life and ecosystems, including all organisms and their interactions within the biosphere |
| define entropy | the measure of disorder or randomness in a system. Higher entropy means more disorder. |
| define nonspontaneous | processes or reactions that do not occur naturally on their own and require an input of energy to proceed, endergonic/climbing |
| define spontaneous | processes or reactions that occur without external intervention. exergonic/ falling |
| define exergonic | proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous (falling) |
| define endergonic | absorbs free energy from its surroundings and is nonspontaneous (climbing) |
Created by:
josie_d
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