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2.3Molecules of Life
Quiz on Monday October 21, 2024.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is organic chemistry | the study of compounds with bonds between carbon atoms |
| how many valence electrons do carbon atoms have | 4 |
| what other elements do carbon atoms form strong covalent bonds with | hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen |
| what are macromolecules | the carbon molecules in living things that are so large |
| what is polymerization | the process of monomers joining to make polymers |
| what are carbohydrates composed of | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
| what are carbohydrates functions | the main energy source for living things, structural purposes |
| what are monosaccharides | molecules with one sugar units |
| what are disaccharides | made of two monosaccharides |
| what are types of monosaccharides | glucose, fructose, galactose |
| what are monomers | building blocks, small, single units |
| what are types of disaccharides | sucrose, lactose |
| what do simple sugars give | quick energy |
| what is another name for complex carbohydrates | polysaccharides |
| what are polysaccharides | many sugar units |
| what are polymers | big, chains of monomer |
| what are types of complex carbohydrates | starch, glycogen, cellulose |
| what function does glucose have | quick energy |
| what function does starch have | long term energy storage in plants (think of potatoes) |
| what function does cellulose have | cell wall structure of plants |
| what function does glycogen have | long term energy storage in animals (found in liver and skeletal muscle) |
| what function does fructose have | fruit sugar |
| what function does lactose have | milk sugar |
| what function does sucrose have | table sugar |
| what are lipids made up of | mostly carbon and hydrogen, and a little oxygen |
| what are purposes of lipids | to store energy, form cell membranes, waterproof coatings, hormones |
| are lipids polymers | no, they are not true polymers |
| are lipids hydrophobic | yes |
| examples of lipids | fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol |
| if it is unsaturated what does it have | double bonds (liquid) |
| if it is Saturated what does it have | all Single bonds (Solid) |
| what is the function for triglycerides | long term energy storage |
| what are in triglycerides | 3 fatty acids and glycerol |
| what is the function for waxes | provide a waterproof coating on leaves and feathers |
| what is the function for fatty acids | short term quick energy |
| what is the structure of fatty acids | a long chain of carbon and hydrogen; there are two of these in a phospholipid |
| what is the function for phospholipids | make up cell membranes |
| what is the function for steroids | act as hormones and signaling molecules |
| what are proteins made up of | nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, carbon, sulfur |
| what are the monomers of proteins | amino acids |
| how many different amino acids are there | more than 20 |
| what is the function of protein | cell regulation, perform chemical reactions as enzymes, structure of living things, help fight disease |
| what are nucleic acids made up of | hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus |
| what is the function of nucleic acids | store and transmit genetic information |
| what are polymers of protein | proteins (AKA polypeptide) |
| diverse amino acid building blocks make what | proteins with diverse structures and functions |
| what are monomers of nucleic acids | nucleotides (Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Guamine, Uracil) |
| what are polymers of nucleic acids | DNA and RNA |
| examples of proteins | hemoglobin, insulin, albumin |
| examples of nucleic acids | DNA- uses deoxyribose sugar RNA-uses ribose sugar |
Created by:
emcresko12
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