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Weather & Climate 1
6th Grade Science: Unit 3 - Atmosphere & Air Pressure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are elements and compounds different? | Elements are substances that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Compounds are two or more elements bound together (so they can be broken down into elements) |
| What are the elements in Earth’s atmosphere | nitrogen, oxygen, neon, helium, krypton, hydrogen Remember: elements are substances that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| What are the compounds in Earth’s atmosphere? | carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are most abundant [also find methane (CH4)] Remember: compounds are two or more elements bound together |
| What percent of Earth’s atmosphere is nitrogen and what percent oxygen? | 78% nitrogen gas and 21% oxygen |
| Where is nitrogen found in our bodies and what does it do? | Nitrogen is found in proteins. Nitrogen grows and repairs body cells |
| What causes things to rust and burns fuel for fire? | Oxygen |
| What is ozone and how is it created? | Ozone is a gas made up of three oxygen atoms that can be found in both the upper and lower atmosphere When lightning interacts with oxygen, it creates ozone |
| Name some of the tiny solid particles that are found in Earth’s atmosphere. | Dust, smoke, and salt |
| What is the atmosphere? How is the atmosphere different than air? | Atmosphere is the layers of gases surrounding Earth. Air is the name of the mixture of elements and compounds in Earth’s atmosphere |
| What does properties does air have? | Mass, density, and pressure |
| Define: Density | The amount of mass in a given volume of air (Mass x Volume) |
| Define: Pressure | The force pushing on an area or surface |
| What is air pressure and why doesn’t air pressure crush an object? | Air pressure is the result of the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area It doesn't crush an object because the molecules in air push in all directions (down, up, sideways), so the air pressure is balanced and equal |
| What does falling air pressure indicate? What does rising air pressure indicate? | Falling air pressure indicates a storm is approaching Rising air pressure indicates the weather is clearing |
| What is a Barometer? | An instrument used to measure changes in air pressure |
| What are the 2 kinds of barometers? What is the most practical barometer to use and why? | Mercury Barometer & Aneroid Barometer Aneroid Barometer is more practical because it is portable, smaller and doesn’t contain liquid |
| Describe a mercury barometer and how it works. | A glass tube open at the bottom end resting in a dish of mercury. The tube is partially filled with mercury and the space in the tube above the mercury contains no air. The greater the air pressure, the higher the mercury is pushed. |
| Describe an aneroid barometer and how it works. | An airtight metal chamber without liquid, that is sensitive to air pressure. When air pressure increases, the tin walls of the chamber are pushed in. The chamber is connected to a dial, so as the shape changes, the dial moves. |
| What are the units used for air pressure? | Inches of Hg (mercury) or millibars |
| Define: Altitude | the distance above sea level |
| What is Sea Level? | the average level of the surface of the oceans |
| At what altitude is air pressure the greatest? | At sea level (then it decreases with height) |
| What is the relationship between air pressure and altitude? So, as you increase in altitude, what happens to air pressure? What happens to the density of air? | As altitude increases, air pressure decreases As you increase altitude: 1- Air pressure decreases 2- Density decreases |
| As air pressure increases, what happens to the density of air? | Density increases |
| Why do you run out of breath at higher altitudes? | Air contains 21% oxygen, but there are fewer molecules of oxygen at higher layers |
| What are the four main layers of the atmosphere and their thicknesses? | Troposphere (12 km thick), Stratosphere (50 km thick), Mesosphere (80 km thick) & Thermosphere (500 km thick) |
| Which of the four main layers of the atmosphere is the thickest? | Thermosphere (500 km thick) |
| Which of the four main layers of the atmosphere is the thinnest? | Troposphere (12 km thick) |
| Which of the four main layers of the atmosphere is the coldest? | Mesosphere (at 80 km above the Earth’s surface) |
| What name is given to the point in the atmosphere where the coldest temperature occurs? At what altitude? | Mesopause (-100 Degrees F) at the top of the mesosphere 80 km above the Earth’s surface |
| Which of the four main layers of the atmosphere is the hottest? | Thermosphere (at 500 km above the Earth’s surface) It is hottest in the Thermopause at the top of the thermosphere Temperatures as high as 2,000°C (3,632°F) |
| Why are clouds generally observed to form only in the troposphere? | The troposphere is the atmospheric layer were most of the water vapor is found. When air raises into the troposphere, it cools and causes water vapor to condense into clouds |
| Where is the Tropopause? | the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere |
| Where is the Stratopause? | the boundary between the stratosphere and the mesosphere |
| Where is the Mesopause? | the boundary between the mesosphere and the thermosphere |
| Where is the Thermopause? | the boundary between the thermosphere and the exosphere |
| Where is the Exosphere? | the outermost region of Earth’s atmosphere |
| In what layer of the atmosphere are clouds found? | Troposphere |
| In what layer of the atmosphere are auroras / northern lights found? | thermosphere |
| In what layer of the atmosphere is ozone found? | Stratosphere |
| In what layer of the atmosphere are meteors found? | Mesosphere |
| In what layer of the atmosphere does weather occur? | Troposphere |
| In what layer of the atmosphere is the Space Station found? | Thermosphere |
| In what layer of the atmosphere are most satellites found? | Exosphere |
| Which layer of the atmosphere gets warmer at the top and why? | The stratosphere is warmer at the top than at the bottom; unlike most atmospheric layers, the temperature increases with altitude in the stratosphere due to the absorption of UV radiation by the ozone layer, causing a temperature inversion |
| Which layer of the atmosphere contains most of the total mass of the atmosphere? | troposphere. It holds approximately 75-80% of the Earth's atmospheric mass. |
| How does air pressure change in the atmosphere when going from Earth towards outer space? | air pressure decreases as we increase altitude, because the higher you go, the less air there is pressing down on you from above. |
| What is the Greenhouse Effect? | The Greenhouse Effect is a natural process where certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere, called "greenhouse gases," trap heat from the sun, warming the planet and allowing life to exist by preventing too much heat from escaping back into space |
| Name the primary greenhouse gases. | The primary greenhouse gases include: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), water vapor (H2O), and ozone (O3), with carbon dioxide being the most significant contributor to the greenhouse effect; |
| What causes the difference in air pressure on Earth? | the uneven heating of the planet's surface by the sun |
| What is the relationship between temperature and altitude? | As altitude increases, temperature decreases. |
Created by:
Engle Family
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