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Chapter 6 Science
Science Chapter 6 Bacteria and Viruses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Microbiota | The microscopic bacterial, viral, and fungal cells that inhabit your body. Most are perfectly harmless. Many are beneficial. |
| Bacterial structures | 1. Lacks a nucleus, therefore its DNA, which forms a circular chromosome, is suspended in the cytosol. |
| Bacterial structures | 2. one or more plasmids, circular strands of DNA that are seperate from main chromosome. |
| Bacterial structures | 3. Ribosomes produces the needed protein |
| Bacterial structures | 4. Cell membrane and many have a cell wall |
| Bacterial structures | 5. Slimy coating called a capsule that covers the cell walls, prevents the bacterium from drying out. |
| bacterial structures | 6. whip-like flagella which moves the bacteria |
| how many cells do you think your body is made of | trillions of cells |
| how may microbiota cells live in your body | scientists estimate about the same number of human cells |
| why do we not see microbiota cells | they are too small, same as many as 100 times smaller than our own cells |
| what are the bacterial shapes | -rod shaped -spherical -spiral shaped |
| binary fission | normally the reproduction process for bacteria- DNA and plasmids are replicated, cell membrane pinches together to form two bacterial cells. |
| endospores | a bacterium's DNA and ribosomes enclosed in a tough case that can survive unfavorable conditions |
| bacteria and a biblical worldview | we know bacteria wasn't harmful before the Fall. Part of the Fall included bacteria formation that causes diseases such as turberculosis, strep throat, and food poisoning |
| what structures do viruses have | has a nucleic acid either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. they are not cells. very small and most cannot be seen with a light microscope. they can be seen with an electron microscope. cannot reproduce on their own. |
| host | must infect a "host" cells to reproduce |
| how do you fight viral infections | -good hygiene -cover your mouth when you cough -wash your hands often and correctly -keep your hands out of your mouth and nose -eat healthy -excersise |
| bacterial functions | keep less friendly bacteria from starting to grow in your body |
| bacterial functions | fix the nitrogen in the atmosphere so that plants can use the nitrogen |
| bacterial functions | breaks down cellulose(most common nutrient) in a special chamber in certain animals(ruminants) stomach |
| bacterial structures | recycle matter |
| bacterial structures | helps make cheese, green olives, yogurt, pickles, salami |
| steps of viral reproduction | 1. attaches to host cell |
| steps of viral reproduction | 2.injects nucleic acid into the host |
| steps of viral reproduction | 3.uses the host cell's own cellular machinery to make more viruses |
| steps of viral reproduction | 4. they then destroy the cell by bursting it open and escaping to infect new cells |
| steps of viral reproduction | 5. some do not kill immediately but instead they remain inactive for months or years. (latent) |
| steps of viral reproduction | 6. each time it goes through (host cell) mitosis, the viral DNA is replicated and passed to the daughter cells. |
Created by:
Emma Cheshire
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