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Bio
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called ___ |
| Genetics | The patterns that Mendel discovered form the basis of ____ |
| Monohybrid cross | A __ __ is a cross that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
| True-Breeding | __-__ describes organisms or genotypes that are homozygous for a specific trait and thus always produce offspring that have the same phenotype for that trait |
| P generation | _ ____ is the parental generation, the first 2 individuals that mate in a genetic cross |
| F1 generation | Mendel called the offspring of the P generation the first filial generation or __ ___. The first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms |
| F2 generation | He called the offspring of the F1 generation plants the second filial generation, or __ ___. The first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of 2 organisms |
| Allele | One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic is called a __ |
| Dominant | A trait expressed preferentially over another trait |
| Recessive | Describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when 2 recessives alleles for the same characteristic are inherited |
| Homozygous | ___ describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles at a given locus on a pair of homologous chromosomes |
| Genotype | The genetic make-up of a person |
| Phenotype | the visible appearance or set of traits of an organism, resulting from the combined action of genotype and environment |
| Law of Segregation | The first law, the __ __ ___ states that the 2 alleles for a character segregate when gametes are formed |
| Law of Independent Assortment | The __ _ ___ ____ states that the alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during the separation of gametes |
| Punnet Square | A __ __ is a diagram that predicts the outcome of a genetic cross by considering all possible combinations of gametes in the cross |
| Test Cross | __ __ is the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype |
| Probability | ____ is the likelihood that a specific event will occur |
| Pedigree | Genetics often prepare a __, a family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations |
| Sex-linked gene | A __-__ __ allele is located only on the X or Y chromosome |
| Polygenic Inheritance | When several genes influence a character is a ___ ___ |
| Incomplete dominance | ____ ___ is a condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's 2 parents beacuse the domiant allele is unable to express itself fully |
| Multiple Alleles | Genes with 3 or more alleles are said to have ___ __ |
| Codominance | _____ is a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed |
| Vaccine | A ___ is a substance that is prepared from killed or weakened disease-causing agents, including certain bacteria |
| Virulent | deadly: extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom |
| Transformation | ____ is a change in genotype caused when cells take up foreign genetic material |
| Bacteriophage | A ______ is a virus that infects bacteria |
| Double Helix | Watson and Crick determined that a DNA molecule is a ___ ___ ;two strands twisted around each other, like a winding staircase |
| Nucleotides | ___ are the subunits that make up DNA |
| Deoxyribose | The 5 carbon sugar in DNA nucleotides is called ___ . |
| Complementary base pairs | The structure of base-pairing results in 2 strands that contain ____ ___ ___ |
| DNA replication | The process of making a copy of DNA is called ____ ____ |
| DNA helicases | ___ ____ open the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that link the complementary nitrogen bases between the 2 strands |
| Replication forks | The areas where the double helix separates are called ___ ___ because of their Y shape |
| DNA polymerases | At the replication fork, enzymes known as ___ ____ move along each of the DNA strands |
| Population | A ___ consists of all the individuals of a species that live together in one place at one time |
| Population size | The number of individuals in a population or ____ ___ can affect the population's ability to survive |
| Population density | ____ __ is the number of individuals that live in a given area |
| Dispersion | the general pattern in which individuals are distributed through a specific area |
Created by:
lauraoxox
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