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Rangers25
Ms. T's 5th Science vocab 24-25
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mass | the amount of material in an object |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| physical property | a characteristic of matter that can be observed, measured, or tested. |
| relative density | the ability to float or sink when compared to water |
| substance | a specific kind of matter |
| volume | a measure of how much space an object takes up |
| magnetism | the ability of a material to be attracted to a magnet without needing to be a magnet itself |
| conduct | to allow the passage of energy through or along a path |
| electrical energy | a form of energy that gives some things the power to work |
| insulate | to cover or surround with a material that reduces or stops the flow of energy |
| thermal energy | energy related to the temperature of an object or a substance |
| dissolve | to mix completely with liquid |
| gas | a state of matter that does not have its own shape or definite volume |
| liquid | a state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape |
| solid | a state of matter that has a definite shape and volume |
| solubility | the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved by another substance |
| physical state | the state of matter a substance is in at a certain temperature |
| mixture | a physical combination of two or more substances that are combined without forming a new substance |
| physical change | a change of matter in size, shape, or state that does not change the type of matter |
| substance | a particular kind of matter |
| conservation of matter | a scientific rule that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a change |
| solution | a mixture of substances that are combined so completely that the mixture looks the same throughout |
| particle | any tiny piece or amount |
| battery | a device that produces an electric current due to changes to the materials inside it |
| complete circuit | a closed path through which an electrical current flows |
| electric current | the flow of electricity through a conductor |
| electrical circuit | a closed path through which an electric current can flow |
| energy of motion | energy that results in movement |
| light energy | a form of energy that makes it possible for the eye to see |
| sound energy | energy that is created by vibrating matter |
| refraction | the bending of light as it passes from one transparent material into another |
| absorb | it soak up or take in |
| reflection | the bouncing of light off of a surface |
| friction | a force between surfaces that slows objects or stops them from moving |
| equal forces | forces that act together on an object without changing its motion |
| unequal forces | forces that cause an object to start or stop moving |
| gravity | a noncontact force that pulls objects towards the center of Earth. |
| energy transfer | the movement of energy from one object to another. |
| interaction | to have contact with something through touch or actions |
| test | to find out the nature or quality of something |
| weathering | slow process that breaks materials into smaller pieces |
| landform | a physical feature on Earth's surface |
| sand dune | a hill of sand formed by wind often located near an ocean or a desert |
| deposition | the dropping off of eroded soil, sand, and bits of rocks |
| erosion | the process of wind or water moving small pieces of rock, soil, and sand from one place to another. |
| valley | a long area of low land between mountains or hills |
| sediment | weathered particles of soil or rock that have settled to the bottom of a body of water |
| delta | a triangle of sand and soil deposited at the mouth of where two bodies of water meet. |
| canyon | a deep valley with steep sides |
| moraine | a long, ridge like mound formed from glacial debris left behind by a glacier. |
| glacier | a large sheet of ice that moves slowly across the land |
| ice wedging | a type of weathering that occurs when water soaks into a material, freezes, expands, and causes the material to split or break apart. |
| sedimentary rock | a rock that forms when small bits of materials are pressed together in layers. |
| soil | a mix of tiny rocks and bits of decomposed plant and animal material |
| compaction | the process through which layers of sediment are squeezed together by the weight of sediment above, removing water or air from the spaces between particles of sediment |
| cementation | the process through which loose sediment is stuck together |
| petroleum | thick oil found by drilling beneath Earth's surface |
| oil | a liquid found beneath Earth's surface used as fuel |
| fossil fuel | a source of energy made from the remains of ancient, once-living things |
| natural gas | a mixture of gases found in Earth's crust |
| coal | a hard black or brown substance that is found in Earth and is burned as fuel |
| decay | the process of rotting |
| accumulation | the process during which precipitation collects into a larger body |
| condensation | the process through which a gas changes into a liquid |
| evaporation | a process through which a liquid changes into a gas |
| precipitation | water that falls from clouds to the ground in the form of rain, sleet, hail, or snow |
| water cycle | the continuous movement of water between earth's surface and the air, changing from liquid into gas into liquid |
| water vapor | water in the from of a gas |
| weather | the condition of the sky and air at a given place and time |
| natural resource | something that is found in nature and is valuable to humans |
| impact | a strong and powerful effect |
| conservation | the act of saving, protecting, or using resources wisely |
| environment | all the living and nonliving things in an area |
| disposal | getting rid of something |
| pollution | any harmful substance that affects Earth's land, air, or water |
| recycling | the processing of certain materials to be used again |
| axis | an imaginary line through Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole |
| day/night cycle | the repeating pattern of day and night that occurs every 24 hours |
| rotate | to turn or spin |
| Sun | the star closest to Earth |
| shadow | a dark shape that is made when a source of light is blocked |
| apparent motion | when an object in space seems to move even though it is Earth that is moving |
| equator | an imaginary line drawn around the Earth, dividing the Earth into northern and southern hemispheres. |
| species | a group of living things that have many characteristics in common |
| function | the purpose or role for which something is used |
| structure | a part of something |
| behavioral trait | how living things act |
| instinct | a behavior that an animal does not have to learn |
| reflex | a type of behavior that involves no thought or decision |
| ecosystem | the living and nonliving things that interact in an environment |
| organism | an individual living thing |
| biotic factor | a living thing in an ecosystem, such as a plant, an animal, or bacteria |
| abiotic factor | a nonliving part of an ecosystem |
| producer | an organism that uses energy from the Sun to make its own food |
| flow of energy | the movement of energy from one organism to another in a food chain or food web |
| food web | the overlapping food chains in an ecosystem |
| consumer | an organism that can not make its own food |
| decomposer | an organism that breaks down dead plant and animal material |
| deforestation | the removal of trees from a large area |
| endangered | when a species is in danger of becoming extinct |
| extinct | when a species has died out completely |
| overpopulation | a condition of having too many of one type of organism living and using resources in a certain area |
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