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TL Chloride
Hyperchloremia and Hypochloremia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chloride is the most abundant _________ in ______. | Anion in ECF |
| Chloride likes to hang out with positive influences. Name four compounds found in the body that are the results of chloride joining with a major cation (s, h, p, c). | Sodium Chloride, Hydrochloric Acid, Potassium Chloride, and Calcium Chloride |
| Chloride partners with which cation to maintain serum osmolality and water balance. | Sodium |
| In which body fluid do we find high levels of chloride? | CSF |
| The choroid plexus in the ventricles of the brain counts on what two electrolytes to attract water/ the fluid component of CSF? | Sodium and Chloride |
| What is the function of chloride/hydrochloric acid in the stomach? | to provide the acidic environment necessary for digestion and enzyme activation |
| What is the normal range for serum chloride? | 100 to 106 mEq/L |
| If sodium levels drop, what happens to chloride levels? | drop too |
| If sodium levels rise what happens to chloride levels? | rise too |
| Why can GI disorders be influential on chloride levels? | because chloride is produced mainly in the stomach in the form of hydrochloric acid |
| What is the daily requirement for chloride? | 750mg/day |
| Most diets provide plenty of chloride mostly in what form? | Salt – sodium chloride |
| Name five sources of chloride (CV, FFV, PM, SF, S). | Canned veggies, Fresh fruit and vegs, Processed Meats, Salty Foods, Salt |
| Which organ is responsible for maintaining chloride levels? | kidneys |
| Why does aldosterone affect chloride levels? | Because Sodium and chloride are like Batman and Robin. If Batman gets reabsorbed in the kidneys, Robin’s gonna hang around too. |
| What kind of relationship exists between bicarbonate and chloride? | inverse |
| Explain how a loss of chloride, say from GI suctioning, can lead to hypochloremic metabolic acidosis. | The kidneys react to the loss of the anion chloride by holding on another anion bicarbonate (and sodium too). Bicarbonate is alkaline so pH rises as bicarbonate levels rise. |
| Name seven drugs associated with hypochloremia (L, O, T, B, C, L, T). | Loop diuretics ( furosemide), Osmotic Diuretics (mannitol), Thiazide Diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide), Bicarbonate, Corticosteroids, Laxatives, Theophylline |
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