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Bio Module 3
Evolution and Diversity of Life -Terms and Definition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Phenotype | the observable physical properties of an organism |
| Natural selection | the process where organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those advantageous traits to their offspring, leading to a gradual change in the characteristics of a population over generatio |
| Adaptation | the process by which organisms change to become better suited to their environment, which improves their chances of survival |
| Evolution | the process by which the heritable traits of a population of organisms change over successive generations |
| Mutation | a change in the DNA sequence of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA |
| Overbreeding | the act of breeding an animal or plant to excess, often without regard to the quality of the breeding stock |
| Sexual reproduction | the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes |
| Asexual reproduction | a method of reproduction where a new individual is produced from a single parent, without the fusion of gametes, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent, essentially clones of the original organism |
| Founder effect | a genetic phenomenon that occurs when a small group of individuals from a larger population becomes isolated and establishes a new population: |
| Vestigial organs | anatomical structures that have lost their primary function but are still present in a species |
| Analogous structure | a body part or feature found in different species that performs a similar function but has a different evolutionary origin |
| Phototrophs | an organism that can use visible light as a primary energy source for metabolism |
| Autotrophs | an organism that can produce its own food using inorganic materials like sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide |
| Saprobes | an organism that obtains its nutrients by feeding on dead and decaying organic matter |
| Heterotrophs | an organism that cannot produce its own food and must obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms, like plants or animals |
| Chitin | a polysaccharide of N-acetyl glucosamine, which is an amino sugar. |
| Cellulose | a linear polymer of glucose molecules that is the primary component of plant cell walls |
| Rhizoid | a short, thin filamentous structure found in certain plants, fungi, and sponges, which acts as a root-like anchor to attach the organism to a surface and absorb water and nutrients |
| Lichen | the study of the symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacteria that form a single, complex organism |
| Mycorrhiza | a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and the roots of a plant, where both the fungus and the plant benefit |
| Endophyte | organisms, often fungi and bacteria, that live between living plant cells |
| Haplontic plant | a life cycle where the dominant stage is the haploid gametophyte |
| Vascular plant | a plant that has specialized tissues that transport water, nutrients, and food throughout the plant |
| Diplontic plant | a plant that primarily exists in its diploid phase |
| Seed plant | a plant that bears seeds |
| Sepals | any of the outer parts of a flower that enclose and protect the unopened flower bud |
| Arthropods | a phylum of invertebrates with jointed appendages, a hard exoskeleton, and segmented bodies |
| Mollusks | an invertebrate of a large phylum which includes snails, slugs, mussels, and octopuses. They have a soft unsegmented body and live in aquatic or damp habitats, and most kinds have an external calcareous shell. |
| Chordates | animals that have a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, and gill slits at some point in their development |
| Amniotate | any of a group (Amniota) of vertebrates that undergo embryonic or fetal development within an amnion and include the birds, reptiles, and mammals |
Created by:
morganpaige5339
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