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Module 4, Lesson1

Igneous Rocks Vocabulary

TermDefinition
igneous rocks rocks that form when magma or lava cools and crystallizes
lava molten rock that flows out onto Earth's surface
magma slushy mix of molten rocks, dissolved gases and mineral crystals that is located underneath the Earth's surface
partial melting process whereby some minerals melt at a relatively low temperature while other minerals remain solid
Bowen's reaction series a diagram that illustrates the relationship between cooling magma and the formation of minerals that make up igneous rocks.
fractional crystallization a process where magma cools and the first minerals to crystallize in magma are the last ones to melt.
intrusive rock rocks formed when magma cools and crystallizes below the Earth's surface
extrusive rocks rocks formed when lava cools and crystallizes on the Earth's surface.
Basaltic rocks also called mafic rocks and are usually dark-colored with low silica contents
Granitic rocks also called felsic rocks and have a high silica content, contains mostly quartz and feldspar.
intermediate rocks rocks that fall between Basaltic and Granitic, consist of mostly plagioclase feldspar and hornblende
ultrabasic/ultramafic rocks Rocks that contain only iron-rich minerals and are always dark
texture size , shape, and distribution of crystals and grains in a rock
porphyritic texture large, well-formed crystals surrounded by finer-grained crystals.
vesicular texture holes formed in rock as it cooks giving it a spongy look
veins valuable ore deposits surrounded by igneous rock
pegmatites igneous rocks made of extremely large-grained minerals running through it.
kimberlites an ultrabasic rock that is usually found with valuable minerals such as diamonds
Created by: Lorrie.Jerome
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