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Biology
Cell Transport
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the similar basic structure of a cell membrane? | Proteins floating in a double layer of lipids |
| What's responsible for the isolating functions of a membrane/cell membrane made up of | lipids |
| what regulates the exchange of substances and communication with the external environment | proteins |
| Cell membrane is also known as | phospholipid bilayer |
| Is the cell membrane is selectively permeable | yes |
| selective permeability | only certain substances are able to pass through |
| phosphate | heads, polar, hydrophilic, an important component of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes, DNA, RNA, and proteins |
| fatty acid | the building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat, tails, non-polar, hydrophobic |
| phospholipid label | circle head and tails |
| solute | the part of a solution that is being disolved |
| solvent | the part of the solution that is doing the dissolving |
| Types of cellular transport | passive and active |
| types of passive transport | (simple)diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis |
| definition of passive transport | movement with the concentration gradient from high to low concentration, does not require energy |
| (simple) diffusion (passive) | the movement of solutes that are small and uncharged from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| facilitated diffusion (passive) | the movement of solutes that are larger & charged through protein channels of the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration, uses protein channels |
| osmosis (passive) | the movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration |
| protein channels | tiny gates in the cell membrane, allow specific molecules like ions or water to pass in and out of the cell, designed for certain substances helping the cell control what enters and leaves keeping the right balance of salts or nutrients |
| importance of cellular transport | helps the cell (and the body) maintain homeostasis, if there is too much of a material in a cell transport it out, if there is not enough of a material in a cell transport it in |
| words to describe solutions and how osmosis affects cells | hypertonic (swell), hypotonic (shrinks), isotonic (doesn’t change the shape of the cell) |
| hypertonic solution | has a higher solute concentration, if an animal cell is placed in it the cell with shrivel up, if a plant cell is placed in it it'll pull the plasma membrane away from the cell wall & become plasmolyze (saltwater), cell will shrink |
| plasmolyzed | means a plant cell lost water and shrunk away from its cell wall, plant cell in hypertonic solution |
| hypotonic solution | has a lower solute concentration, if an animal cell is placed in it the cell will become rigid & lysed, if a plant cell is placed is placed in it it's normal and will stay the same and turgid (distilled water, freshwater) |
| lysed | the process where a cell bursts or breaks apart due to excess water entering the cell, animal cells in hypotonic solutions |
| turgid | state in plant cells when they are full of water and swollen making them firm, plant cells in hypotonic solutions |
| isotonic | has an equal concentration of solutes on both sides, if an animal cell is placed in an isotonic solution it'll stay the same and normal, if a plant cell is placed in an isotonic solution it won't be firm because it'll lose water and it'll become flaccid |
| flaccid | state of a plant cell when they are not firm because they've lost water, plant cells in isotonic solutions |
| Active transport | requires energy (ATP), moves substances against concentration gradient , from low concentration to high concentration, focuses on individual molecules or ions |
| bulk transport | requires energy (ATP), moves substances against concentration gradient, low to high concentration, focuses on the movement of large quantities of materials |
| types of bulk transport | endocytosis and exocytosis |
| endocytosis | bringing large particles into cells using cell membrane, two types - phagocytosis, pinocytosis, a cell takes in material by forming a vacuole |
| exocytosis | golgi apparatus releases substance (waste and cell products) by packaging them into vesicles and fusing with the cell membrane |
| concentration gradient | difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas, usually causes the substance to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| phagocytosis | white blood cells do this, ingestion of large particles to digest and destroy them, solids, cell "eating" harmful things to protect the body, key part of the immune system |
| pinocytosis | tiny pockets form along cell membrane and pinch off into vacuoles inside the cell, "cell drinking", liquids, cell takes in small particles or fluids, "drinking" tiny amounts of liquid or dissolved substances from its surroundings to absorb nutrients |
| pumps | active transport, uses proteins in membrane to move molecules against concentration gradient low to high, ex) sodium-potassium pump pumps sodium ions out & potassium ions in cell, needs ATP, maintains ion balance for processes (nerve signals, muscle func) |
| cells in isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic solution | doesn't change the shape, causes a cell to shrink, causes a cell to swell |
| carrier protein | changes its shape to allow molecules to pass through, can be facilitated diffusion or active |
| cytolysis | when a cell bursts because there's too much water in it, often due to being in a solution with lower salt concentration (freshwater) |
| channel proteins | opening is in the center, they can be gated, allow specific ions/molecules to pass through |
| Aquaporins | allow water molecules to pass through the cell membrane quickly, specific to water, help regulate water balance in cells, transport proteins for water |
Created by:
MeghnaG791
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