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Bio/Int. 2
Lesson 28- Communities and Biomes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Community | of all populations that inhabit a certain area |
| Ecosystem | higher level of organization, includes the community and the environment |
| Closed Community | species within a community that have similar geographic range and densities |
| Open Community | no set boundaries where species can come and go within the community over time, yet the community as a whole persists |
| Terrestrial Community | land-dwelling community |
| Aquatic Community | water-dwelling community |
| Biome | large-scale category containing many communities of a similar nature whose location is largely controlled by climate |
| Terrestrial Biomes | land areas including: tundra, grassland, desert, taiga, temperate forest, tropical forest |
| Aquatic Biomes | water areas including marine and freshwater |
| Tropical Rain Forest | regions occurring near the equator, warm climate and plentiful rainfall, the richest biome in both diversity and in total number of actual plants and animals |
| Taiga | coniferous forest extending across most of the northern area of Eurasia and North America, short growing season, winters are cold and short, while summers tend to be cool |
| Temperate Forest | biome occurring south of the taiga in eastern North America, eastern Asia, and much of Europe, abundant rainfall and a well-defined growing season, also known as the deciduous forest |
| Grasslands | biomes that occur in temperate and tropical areas with reduced rainfall and can have prolonged dry seasons, soils are deep and rich, characterized by few trees and can support large herds of grazing animals |
| Desert | biome characterized by dry conditions, limited vegetation, and a wide temperature range |
| Relative Humidity | measure of how much water an air mass at a given temperature can hold |
| Marine Biome | biome containing more dissolved minerals than freshwater, most of the Earth’s water is within this biome |
| Benthic Zone | area of the marine biome where bottom dwellers live |
| Abyssal Zone | area of ocean floor below sunlight penetration |
| Pelagic Zone | area of the marine biome where swimmers or floaters live, also known as the open ocean |
| Euphotic Zone | area of the pelagic zone where light can penetrate |
| Intertidal Zone | the shallowest portion of the ocean, often called the shore |
| Estuary | location where freshwater rivers empty into a marine body of water |
| Species Density | measure of the different types of organisms in a community, also known as species richness, decreases steadily as you move from the equator |
| Community Succession | the replacement of species by the introduction of new species and extinction of older ones |
| Climax Community | community that is developed when species populations are stable and have successfully adapted to the environment |
| Primary Succession | occurs when surfaces of bare rock are gradually colonized by lichens and mosses, this begins the build-up of soil |
| Secondary Succession | occurs when an environment has been disturbed by such events as fire, geological activity, or human activity, can occur in an abandoned field where soil already exists, this can occur rapidly |
| Biotic Factor | the living part of an ecosystem |
| Abiotic Factor | the non-living part of an ecosystem |
| Habitat | an organism's place of residence or where it can be found |
| Niche | the role an organism plays within the community |
| Producer | usually green plants, create energy by using sunlight and inorganic compounds |
| Consumer | heterotrophic organisms that eat food produced by another organism |
| Herbivore | type of consumer that feeds directly on green plants, also known as primary consumers |
| Carnivore | type of consumer that feeds on other animals, also known as a secondary consumer |
| Omnivore | type of consumer that eats both plants and animals |
| Decomposer | organisms (mostly bacteria and fungi) that recycle nutrients from decaying organic material |
| Food Chain | a series of organisms that are feed on by the preceding organism, a chain of who-eats-who |
| Food Web | networks of feeding interactions among species, more accurately depict the feeding of an ecosystem |
| Ecological Pyramid | provides a detailed view of energy flow in an ecosystem and is based on how many organisms occupy each trophic level, the base level is primarily made up of producers, all higher levels are consumers |
| Energy Pyramid | illustrates the amounts of energy available at each successive trophic level |
Created by:
ECOTScience10-11
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