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Biology B Unit 3

QuestionAnswer
The Cell Theory All living things are made of 1 or more cells
Cells The basic unit of structure and function in living things and have different shapes and sizes depending on their functions
Cell Division All cells come from other cells by the process of cell division
Cell Membrane Thin outer covering the defines the boundary of the cell and regulates the movement of chemicals
DNA Genetic material that gives organisms directions on how to make and use materials needed for life processes
Cytoplasm Region of the cell between the nucleus and the cell membrane that is jelly-like, holds organelles in place, and is mostly water
Cell Membrane Structure Made of 2 layers of lipids with some proteins embedded in the lipids
Regulation Maintains a stable environment for a cell (maintains homeostasis)
Selectively Permeable membrane (SPM) It is semi-permeable and lets in some materials but not others
Enzymes Help speed up cellular chemical reactions
Receptors Some proteins are receptors that respond to chemical messengers and cause changes in the cell
Transporters Some proteins act as passageways for certain materials to move through called transport proteins or channel proteins
Small molecules Enter cells easily (Oxygen, Amino Acids, Glucose, Water)
Big molecules Do not enter cells easily (Starch, Proteins, Salt)
Diffusion When particles move passively from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Equilibrium When the concentration of a substance is the same throughout an area or the same on both sides of a cell membrane
Concentration Gradient When the concentration of a substance is different on either side of the cell membrane
Passive Transport Moves materials from high to low concentration across a Semipermeable Cell Membrane without any energy
Osmosis The diffusion of water across a membrane and is essential for life
Water Movement in Animal Cells Water always from high to low concentration by the type of diffusion called osmosis
Distilled (pure) water Water moves from high to low and moves into cells causing them to swell and burst
Salt water There is more water in the cells so water diffuses out by osmosis and the cell membrane shrinks and shrivels
Water Movement in Plant Cells Plant cells will not change size or shape when placed in pure or salt water thanks to the cell wall.
Active Transport Moves materials from low to high concentration across a semipermeable cell membrane against or up a concentration gradient.
Endocytosis Particles are engulfed into the cell when the cell membrane pinches in resulting in a vesicle.
Exocytosis Particles move out of the cell.
Organelles Small parts of a cell that have specific jobs and are part of the levels of organization in living things
Nucleus/cell's control center Contains the cell's DNA and regulates it's activities
Ribosomes Where protein synthesis occurs and they look like tiny dots
Vacuoles/Vesicles Membrane bound storage organelles that store food, water, and waste and move materials in and out of the cell.
Vacuoles/Vesicles Size Usually bigger in Plant cells
Lysosomes Specialized vacuoles with digestive enzymes to break down food or foreign invaders
Mitochondria Where food is turned into useful ATP/energy
Cellular respiration Process of turning food into energy
Flagella And Cilia Hair-like organelles that help cells to move and are not in all cells
Motile Organisms and cells that can move
Nonmotile Organisms and cells that can not move
Cell Wall Located outside the cell membrane in a plant cell and supports the plant. Prevents plant cells from bursting in water
Chloroplasts Found in leaves and give plants their green color. Their function is to perform photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Using sunlight, the plant makes its own food in the form of glucose.
Created by: user-1866784
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