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Calcium Homeostasis

QuestionAnswer
Which hormone has a more minor role in calcium regulation? Calcitonin
What are the 3 main organs involved in calcium homeostasis? Intestines, Bones, Kidneys
Calcium metabolism is a balance of these 3 processes: Intake, Storage, Excretion
Intake of calcium through the intestines requires what? Vitamin D
What is the main way intake of calcium occurs? Through diet
Where is the primary place in the body for calcium storage? Bones
Where does 1% of calcium in the body get stored if not in the bones? Extracellular (in blood and interstitial fluid) and intracellular (in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria)
Describe the process of calcium storage in bone: Osteoblasts produce bone matrix (osteoid) which is mineralized by deposition of calcium phosphorous
Describe the process of calcium resorption from bone: Osteoblasts signal to osteoclasts by secrete acid, which demineralizes bone and releases calcium and phosphorous into the blood (promoted by PTH and inhibited by calcitonin)
What cell type initiates the act of bone resorption? Osteoclasts
What hormone promotes bone resorption? PTH
What hormone inhibits bone resorption? Calcitonin
There is a constant exchange of calcium between _________ and __________ Bone and blood
Excretion of calcium occurs primarily through this organ: Kidneys
Intake of calcium occurs primarily through this organ: Intestines
Storage of calcium occurs primarily through this organ: Bone
What are 4 things calcium is important for? 1. Neuromuscular function 2. Neuron excitation 3. Hemostasis 4. Enzymatic regulation
What are the 3 main target organs of the hormonal regulators of blood calcium? Kidneys, intestines and bone
What produces PTH? Chief cells of the parathyroid gland
What produces calcitonin? Parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland
What are the effects of vitamin D on the bone? In a negative calcium balance, calcitriol production increases which causes increased bone resorption (less defined when in a positive calcium balance - depends on ostegenic differentiation)
What are the effects of PTH on the bone? Causes bone resorption to release calcium into the blood
The kidney produces this form of vitamin D: Calcitriol
What is the effect of calcitonin on the bone? Inhibits osteoclast activity to inhibit bone resorption
This hormone can be used in the treatment of acute hypercalcemia: Calcitonin
What organs does calcitonin act on? Bone and kidney
What organs does PTH act on? Kidney bone and intestines
What events take place when calcium levels rise? Thyroid gland releases calcitonin --> stimulates calcium deposition in bone and reduces calcium uptake in kidneys --> causes decrease in calcium levels in blood
What events take place when calcium levels decrease? Parathyroid gland secretes PTH, stimulates calcium release from bone, reabsorption from kidney, and absorption in intestines. Increases synthesis of calcitriol in the kidney + absorption of calcium in the intestines + increase in calcium levels in blood
Created by: sara>
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