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10 Biology test 2

10 Biology Test 2

TermDefinition
adaptation a genetic trait that helps an organism survive
common ancestor A species that two or more other species have evolved from
evolution A change in the genetic traits in a population over many generations
phylogenetic tree A family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms
extinction The dying out or complete disappearance of a species
genetic trait A feature that can be passed down by genes to the next generation
mutation A small random change in an organism's DNA
natural selection The survival of organisms that are better adapted to their environment
population A group of organisms of the same species living in the same place
selection pressure A challenge that affects an organism's ability to survive and reproduce
species A group of similar organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring
variation A difference in traits between individuals of the same species
sources of genetic variation crossing over, independent assortment, random fertililisation and mutation
types of mutation lethal, disadvantageous, neutral or beneficial
convergent evolution process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
divergent evolution evolution from a common ancestor of many species adapted to diverse environments
analogous structures wings in birds, butterflies and bats
biotic living
abiotic non living
antibiotic resistance resistance evolving rapidly in many species of prokaryotes due to overuse of antibiotics
examples of analogous structures wings in birds, bats and butterflies
examples of convergent evolution body shapes of sharks and dolphins have similar body shapes but are distantly related
Created by: justineforrest
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