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BIO 1111
Cell Structure sand function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The organell that produces protein is | ribosome |
| The organelle that synthesizes lipids is | smooth endoplasmic reticulum ( smooth ER) |
| The structur that regulates the molecules that enter and exit the cell is | cell (plasma) membrane |
| Eukaryotic cells true or false Eukaryotic cells have a nucleoid to enclose the cell's DNA. | False |
| This organelle is the site of ATP production through aerobic cellular respiration. | mitochondrion |
| Which of the following is NOT scientifically considered an organism (i.e. life)? | Virus |
| Cell walls are never a structural components of these type of cells. | animals cells |
| According to Cell Theory, all life | is composed of at least one cell |
| Fimbriae are stuctures used for attachment in some | prokaryotic cells |
| Which of the materials are the cell walls made of in plant cells, in fungal cells and in some prokayotic cells ? | made out of cellulose in plant cells, made of chitin in fungal cells, made of peptidoglycan in some prokaryotic cells |
| What is not a characteristic of all life on earth? | Not all life on earth intakes oxygen |
| This organelle contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis. | Chloroplast |
| Although the taxonomic names and levels of organization may change, which include all major groups of living things? | bacteria, protists/ protozoa, fungi, plants, animals |
| According to Cell Theory, all life | is composed of at least one cell |
| Fimbriae are stuctures used for attachment in some | prokaryotic cells |
| What are of the are the steps in "the scientific method"? | 1. Observation 2. Question formulation 3. Explore alternative resources 4.Hypothesis formation 5.experiment 6.Conclusion 7. Theory formation 8. Lawformation |
| in a scientific experiment, the control group is the group that lacks the____________. | experimental variable |
| Biology is the study of | life |
| Evolutionary theory states that | life changes genetically over time |
| Evolution occurs at the ____________ level | population level |
| These cellse have no membrane- bound organells and less internal compartmentalization | Prokaryotic cells |
| Primarly made of cellulose, it is ridgid and provides structure and support ( in plants) | Cell wall ( in plants) |
| Type of cell that conatins a single circular chromosome | Prokaryotic cell |
| Site of protein synthesis | Ribosome |
| It is felxible and regulates the molecules that enter and exit the cell | Cell wall or plasma membrane |
| It can be made of peptidoglycan and provides structure and support | Cell wall ( in some bacteria) |
| Barrel shaped organelles involved in cellular devision | Centrioles |
| Membrane- bound disgestivee vesicles | Lysomomes |
| Largest internal folded membranes that produce proteins | rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) |
| Gel-like polysaccharide covering outside of the cell wall | capsule |
| Composed of phospholipid bylayer and is semi-permable | cell plasma or plasma membrane |
| Semi-fluid inside cells | cytosol |
| Composed of chitin and provides structure and support (in fungi) | cell wall (in fungi) |
| Site of cellular respiration | Mitochondria |
| Hairlike structures that aid with adhesion during genetic exchange | Pilli |
| Network of folded membranes involved in detoxification of drugs | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Found in plants and contains mostly water with some dissolved nutrients or wastes | Central contractile water vacuole |
| Dark region of the nucleus | nucleolus |
| Flattend, membranous sacs that modify and sort molecules | Golgi complex |
| Often involved in destroying molecules during phagocytosis | Lysomomes |
| Have own DNA and involved in ATP production | Mitochondria |
| Move in propeller-like fashion to provide locomotion | Flaggella (In bacteria) |
| Includes actin filaments and microtubules | Cytoskeleton |
| Mebranous sacs that store substances | Vacuoles |
| Never have cell walls | Animal cells |
| All bacteria are composed of this type of cell | prokaryotic cells |
| Controls activities of cell | nucleus |
| Expands and contracts based on osmotic pressure | Central contractile water vacuole |
| Short-hairlike structures that Paramecium use for locomotion | Cilia |
| Long protein strands that move in whip-like fashion and can be used for locomotion | Flaggella (in eukaryotes) |
| Disc-shaped structures whitin chloroplast | Thylakoids |
| Collect toxic peroxides that are by-products of cellular reactions | peroxisomes |
| Leukoplast that stores starch(amylose) | amyloplast |
| Plants, fungi, animals, and protists/protozoa are composed of this type of cell | Eukaryotic cells |
| Cell therory states | All Organisms are composed of at least one cell |
| Cells are the | Smallest unit of living |
| Cell Size | most of them are microscopic |
| Why are most cells microsopic? | As cells grow, their volume increases faster (x³) than their surface area (x²). |
| Classification of Cells? | Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells |
| Which cells are larger? | Prokaryotic Cells are smaller (1 μm or less) and Eukaryotic Cells are larger (1-20 μm) (measured in Microns ) |
| Which cell has membrane- bound organelles? | Prokaryotic Cell does NOT have membrane bound organelles, and Eukaryotic cells do have membrane bound organelles |
| Which cell is more complex ? | Prokaryotic Cell is simpler and the Eukaryotic cells are more complex with internal compartmentalization |
| Most prokaryotic cells have a | Nucleoid , Cell wall, Plasma (cell) membrane, Cytoplasm, Capsule, Ribosomes( organells only), Pilus ( pili), Fimbria (fimbriae) |
| What does the Nucleoid contain ( Prokayrotic) | Nucleiod contains single chromosome, Regions of cell w/ genetic material (DNA) |
| What is the function of the cell wall? | Support and structure |
| What is the texture of the cell wall? | It's rigid |
| What is the cell wall of most bacteria composed of? | peptidoglycan is the main structural component of the bacterial cell wall( peptidoglycan are composed of sugar polymers w/ peptides) . However Archaea usally do not contain pepti. |
| Where is the plasma membrane ( cell membrane) located | Its located inside the cell wall |
| What does the plasma membrane regulate? | The plasma membrane regulates the molecules that enter/ exit the cell |
| What is Cytoplasm? | Cytoplasm is Semifluid ( Cytosol) with organelles inside the cell |
| Where is a capsule located? | Its located outside the cell wall |
| What is the consistence of the capsule? | it is gel-like coating outside the cell wall ( polysaccharides) |
| What is the job of a capsule in prokaryotic cells? | it prevents desiccation (the removal of moisture from something), it helps resists the host's immune system |
| What do Ribosomes (organelles) do? | they are the site of protein synthesis |
| What do Flagella do in Prokaryotic cells? | Flagella are complex organelles that help bacteria swim, swarm, adhere, form biofilms, and invade hosts |
| What does the movement of Prokaryotic Flagella look like? | Run in a rotary movement, using a rotary motor. "propeller" |
| What is the structure of Prokaryotic Flagella? | Bacterial flagella are helical filament (Structure Twisted double-helical ribbon of subunits) |
| What is another name for Pilus? | Pili |
| What is the structure of Pilus ( pili) in prokaryotic cells? | Hair-like structure |
| What is the function of Pilus (Pili) in prokaryotic cells? | Adhesion during bacterial genetic exchange |
| Fimbriae function in prokaryotic cells ? | Fimbriae in prokaryotic cells are short, hair-like protein structures that primarily function to attach the bacteria to surfaces or other cells |
| What is a diffrent term for Fimbriae? | Fimbria |
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Bee_curious
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