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Health, Fitness,&wel
Health, Fitness, and Wellness - C458
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the role of minerals in the proper functioning of the human body? | They become part of bones and regulate electrolyte balance. |
| How do you correctly describes HDL cholesterol? | High levels of HDL cholesterol are beneficial because they protect against heart disease. |
| How do antioxidants slow the aging process? | They reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals produced during oxidation reactions. |
| What is the difference in the energy content of each nutrient? | Carbohydrates and protein produce 4 calories/gram and lipids produce 9 calories/gram. |
| What is the difference between carbohydrates and proteins? | Carbohydrates consist of simple sugars and starches; proteins consist of eight essential amino acids and 12 nonessential amino acids. |
| How much us the recommended amount of milk servings for an adult on a 2,000 calorie per day diet? | 3 cups of milk products. |
| What information is important to notice when reading a Nutrition Facts label for a bag of chips? | The number of serving sizes in the bag. |
| What is the benefit of eating orange vegetables such as carrots and squash? | They are high in Vitamin A. |
| What are Carbohydrates? | A nutrient that provides caloric energy. Either in the form of simple sugars, such as honey and sugar, or complex compounds derived from cereal or potatoes. |
| What do Proteins do? | They help build new cells and tissues in growing children; repair damaged tissues; maintain tissues that are already built; and play a role in the manufacture of blood, enzymes, hormones, and human milk. |
| What are Lipids? | Organic compounds that do not readily dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are classified into triglycerides (more commonly known as fats), phospholipids, and sterols. |
| What are Minerals? | Inorganic elements that are present in the body in small amounts, but play a vital role in nutrition. The major minerals needed by the body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, and magnesium. |
| What are the major minerals needed by the body | calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, and magnesium. |
| What are Vitamins? | Organic compounds required by every part of the body to maintain health and prevent disease. They are classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. |
| What do Antioxidants do? | Act as scavengers by binding to free radicals, thus preventing them from causing damage. |
| Triglycerides | The energy of these provide much of the stored energy of the body, and the fat deposits insulate body organs against changes in environmental temperature and protect the organs and underlying tissues by acting as a shock absorber. |
| What are Phospholipids? | Are an essential component of all cell membranes and thus are ubiquitous throughout the human body |
| What is Sterols also called? | cholesterol |
| Cholesterol | Is used to build cell membranes, brain and other nervous tissue. Helps the body produce steroid hormones needed for the regulation of blood sugar, salt and water balance, production of bile acids needed for digestion, and reproduction. |
| Which particular vitamin is fat soluble? | Vitamin K |
| Which particular vitamin is water soluble? | Vitamin C |
| The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) recommends restricting sodium to no more than: | 2400 mg per day |
| . Essential organic compounds that promote growth and reproduction, and help maintain life and health are (is) called | Vitamins |
| Fats: | are vital in the maintenance of healthy skin and hair, insulation of the body organs and against shock, and maintenance of body temperature. |
| Proteins are made up of smaller units called: | Amino Acids |
| The principal source for the body's energy are: | Carbohydrates |
| What nutrient plays the most important role in the development of muscle, bone, and nerve cells? | Proteins |
| Role of Proteins | Aid in transportation of iron, oxygen, and nutrients to all of the body's cells, Repair bone, muscle, and skin, Key element of the antibodies that protect us from disease |
| The primary source of cholesterol for human functioning is: | Made by the liver. |
| What is an Incomplete Protein? | Proteins that are lacking one or more of the essential amino acids |
| What is a disaccharide? | A combination of two monosaccharides. |
| What is glycogen? | The polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver. |
| What is cholesterol? | A form of fat circulating in the body that can accumulate on the inner walls of arteries. |
| What are trans-fatty acids? | Fatty acids that are produced when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated to make them more solid. |
| What is the difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins? | Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body and water-soluble vitamins are not. |
| What antioxidants help protect the body from free radical damage? | Vitamin E, copper, and zinc |
| Which drug is absorbed quickly in the bloodstream resulting in mental alertness, increased heart rate, sleeplessness, and irritability? | Caffeine |
| What is synergism? | It occurs when two drugs are combined and there is an increased drug action greater than sum of the individual drugs. |
| .Why is it problematic to take an antagonist drug at the same time as prescription medication? | It can cancel the desired effects making the prescription drug ineffective. |
| Which of the following correctly describes a hereditary factor that may contribute to alcoholism? | Genetic variation causes some ethnic groups to be more susceptible to alcoholism. |
| What is the name of the effect of a substance on the body? | Dose response relationship. |
| .The ratio between the effective dose and the lethal dose is the: | Therapeutic index |
| Tolerance to one drug may lead to tolerance of other drugs that are pharmacologically similar. This effect is: | Cross Tolerance |
| Which of the following behaviors may indicate high levels of stress in students? | Lip biting, sighing, persistent itching |
| Why is exercise a good way to manage stress? | It activates hormones and fatigues skeletal muscles. |
| How does the social/emotional health of a 5 year old differ from a 9 year old? | A 5 year old wants to please adults and a 9 year old seeks friendly adult relationships |
| What are the stages of the Kubler-Ross model? | Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance |
| The ability to perceive reality and develop rational strategies for living is called? | Mental Health |
| A stimulus that evokes agitation or irritation is: | Distress |
| During which phase of the general adaptation syndrome does the brain prepare the body for the "flight or fight" response? | Alarm |
| The type of communication that indicates a respect for self and the other person is: | Assertive Communication |
| The human body desires to stay in: | Homeostasis |
| Stressors that present the opportunity for personal growth and satisfaction are called: | Epinephrine |
| Research on stress and body function have found that prolonged stress: | Reduces the effectiveness of the immune response. |
| Which emotional disorder is diagnosed when five criteria including loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, and indecisiveness are observed in an individual? | Depression |
| Which of the following emotional disorders is associated with frequent headaches, anger, and nausea? | Chronic Stress |
| Which of the following is characteristic of the social/emotional development of children ages 11-14? | Spending more time with friends than parents |
| How does the function of the nervous system differ from the function of the endocrine system? | The nervous system sends electrical signals throughout the body using neurons whereas the endocrine system sends chemical messages using substances called hormones. |
| How do body secretions fight against disease? | They contain enzymes that kill bacteria. |
| What are the symptoms of myopia (Nearsightedness)? | Blurred distance vision, squinting, and poor night vision |
| How can continuous exposure to loud music affect hearing? | Hearing loss can occur when inner ear hair cell structure changes because of loud noises. |
| Anything that invades the body and causes the immune system to react is a(n): | Antigen |
| An exaggerated response to an antigen is: | Allergy |
| The system responsible for the production and secretion of hormones is the: | Endocrine System |
| When the eyes are not pointed at the same point in space, a person has: | Strabismus |
| The small bones in the ear are called: | Ossicles |
| The thin network of branching blood vessels in the eye are the: | Choroid Plexus |
| Microscopic organisms that are disease-causing agents are termed: | Pathogens |
| .What is the function of the lymphatic system? | It collects and redistributes interstitial fluid and fights against bacteria. |
| Which of the following correctly explains how phagocytes help fight against disease? | They engulf and digest bacteria |
| How does aerobic exercise affect the circulatory system? | It results in more capillaries which increase the oxygen supply to working muscles. |
| What is another way to say aerobic exercise? | Cardio |
| What is the "Target Heart Rate?" | Calculated as a percentage of maximum heart rate (220 minus age); heart rate (pulse) is taken during aerobic exercise to check if exercise intensity is at the desired level. |
| What is muscular strength? | The amount of force that a muscle is capable of exerting or resisting |
| What is Hypertrophy? | Increased size (girth) of a muscle |
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