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Respiratory MS2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| COPD manifestations | Chronic cough, sputum production, dyspnea, weight loss, barrel chest |
| COPD diagnosis | Pulmonary function tests, spirometry, ABGs, chest x-ray |
| COPD medical management | Smoking cessation, reduce risk factors, supplemental oxygen therapy, pneumococcal vaccine, influenza vaccine, pulmonary rehabilitation |
| Hypoxemia | Decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood |
| Hypoxia | Decrease in oxygen supply to tissues (can be life threatening) |
| Oxygen toxicity symptoms | Substernal discomfort, paresthesias, dyspnea, restlessness, fatigue, malaise, refractory hypoxemia, alveolar Atelectasis, difficult to arouse |
| Oxygen toxicity prevention | use lowest effective O2 concentrations, PEEP or CPAP to prevent or reverse |
| COPD inter-professional care | Pursed lip breathing, chest physiotherapy, high calorie, high protein, moderate carbohydrate, moderate fat diet, 5 to 6 small meals |
| COPD acute exacerbation treatment | Albuterol (first line), steroids, antibiotics (if indicated), if respiratory acidosis then CPAP or BiPAP or intubation positive-pressure ventilation |
| COPD complications | Respiratory insufficiency, pneumonia, chronic Atelectasis, pneumothorax, Cor pulmonale (right sided heart failure) |
| Cor pulmonale treatment | Long term O2 therapy, diuretics, anticoagulation |
| B before C! | Bronchodilator before Corticosteroid. Rinse mouth after steroid |
| COPD surgical management | For severe, or end-stage COPD. Bullectomy, lung volume reduction surgery, lung transplant. Does not cure disease or improve life expectancy |
| Asthma manifestations | Cough, dyspnea, wheezing, exacerbations, chest tightness, tachycardia, hypoxemia, central cyanosis |
| Asthma acute meds | Albuterol, ipatropium, followed by corticosteroids |
| Asthma maintenance meds | Montelukast |
| Status asthmaticus manifestations | Severe dyspnea, labored breathing, wheezing or silent chest, use of accessory muscles, distended neck veins |
| Status asthmaticus management | Intubation, admin epinephrine, oxygen, bronchodilators, steroids, IV fluids |
| Respiratory acidosis | CO2 retention. COPD, CHF, airway obstruction, pneumonia, impaired gas exchange |
| Respiratory alkalosis | CO2 depletion. Anxiety, hyperventilation, asthma (acute) |
| Metabolic acidosis | Gain acid or lose bicarb. DKA, diarrhea, renal failure |
| Metabolic alkalosis | Lose acid or gain bicarb. Vomiting, NG suction, antacid use, diuretic therapy, hypokalemia |
| ABG compensation | Uncompensated=no help, partially compensated=some help, fully compensated=total help (pH normal again) |
| pH reading | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| CO2 reading | 35 - 45 |
| HCO3 reading | 22 - 26 |
| Allen test | Determines if radial and ulnar arteries are open and working properly |
Created by:
Haydenmeh
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