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bioRNAproces&transla
bio:(
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Primary Transcript (pre-mRNA) | The initial RNA product synthesized from DNA during transcription, which undergoes processing to become mature mRNA. |
| 5' Cap | A modified guanine nucleotide added to the 5' end of the pre-mRNA that protects the RNA from degradation and aids in ribosome binding during translation |
| Poly(A) Tail: | A sequence of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA that enhances stability and regulates the export of the mRNA from the nucleus. |
| Splicing | The process of removing introns from the pre-mRNA and joining exons together to create a continuous coding sequence in mature mRNA. |
| Intron | Non-coding segments of the pre-mRNA that are removed during splicing and do not contribute to the final protein product. |
| Exon: | Coding segments of the pre-mRNA that remain after splicing and are translated into protein. |
| Spliceosome: | A complex of RNA and protein molecules that catalyzes the splicing of introns from pre-mRNA. |
| Untranslated Region (UTR) | Portions of the mRNA that are not translated into protein, located at both the 5' and 3' ends, playing roles in regulation of translation and mRNA stability. |
| Translation: | The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mature mRNA as a template. |
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | A type of RNA that, along with proteins, makes up the ribosome and is essential for protein synthesis. |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA | The RNA molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis. |
| Untranslated Region (UTR): | Parts of mRNA at the beginning (5' end) and end (3' end) that don't code for protein but help control how the mRNA is used and how long it lasts in the cell. |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA | A type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA. |
| Genetic Code | he set of rules by which information in mRNA is translated into proteins, with specific sequences of nucleotides corresponding to specific amino acids. |
| Codon: | A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis. |
| Anticodon: | A three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that pairs with the corresponding codon on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain. |
| Release Factor (RF): | A protein that binds to the stop codon on mRNA during translation, prompting the ribosome to release the completed protein. |
| Charging: | The process of attaching an amino acid to its corresponding tRNA, preparing it for protein synthesis |
| (Start Codon) | The specific codon (usually AUG) that signals the start of translation and the beginning of the protein-coding sequence. |
| E, P, and A Sites: | The three distinct regions on a ribosome where tRNA molecules bind during translation: the A site (aminoacyl), the P site (peptidyl), and the E site (exit) |
| Stop Codon: | A specific codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) that signals the end of protein synthesis, leading to the release of the newly formed protein. |
Created by:
lmercado28
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