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Unit 4 protein syn.
Protein synthesis and nucleic acids
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleic Acids | Organic molecules that are vital for all forms of life, including DNA and RNA, which store and transmit genetic information. |
| DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) | A type of nucleic acid that carries genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. |
| RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) | A nucleic acid that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins by conveying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome. |
| Protein Synthesis | The process by which cells produce proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to a polypeptide chain. |
| Gene Expression | The process by which the information in a gene is used to produce a functional product, typically a protein. |
| Transcription | The first step of protein synthesis, where a specific segment of DNA is copied into mRNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. |
| Translation | The process in which ribosomes read mRNA sequences to build proteins by linking together the appropriate amino acids. |
| Amino Acids | The building blocks of proteins, which are linked together in specific sequences to form proteins. |
| Ribosome | A cellular structure that facilitates the translation of mRNA into protein by assembling amino acids in the correct order. |
| Codon | A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or signals the end of protein synthesis. |
| Anticodon | A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA, allowing for the correct amino acid to be added during translation. |
| Chromosome | A structure made of DNA and protein that contains many genes and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. |
| Gene | A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or set of proteins. |
| Mutation | A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to alterations in gene expression or protein function. |
| Regulation | The mechanisms and processes that control the timing, location, and amount of gene expression in a cell. |
| Nucleotide | The basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. |
| Promoter | A region of DNA that initiates the transcription of a particular gene, helping RNA polymerase to bind. |
| Exon | A segment of a gene that codes for a protein; exons are expressed sequences that are joined together during RNA processing. |
| Intron | A non-coding segment of a gene that is removed during RNA processing before translation. |
| Polypeptide | A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which folds into a functional protein. |
| Traits | behavioral characteristics or physical attributes of an organism that are expressed by genes and / or influenced by the environment |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | A type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis. |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | A type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. |
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | A type of RNA that, together with proteins, makes up the ribosome. |
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andersonqisd
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