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Health Psych Midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Health | a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of pain or infirmity |
| Focus/concern of health psych | health promotion and mantienance, etiology, improve health care system, prevent/treat illness |
| biopsychosocial model | mind and body together determine health and illness |
| biopsychosocial vs. biological | Idea that health is solely determined by biology, which is not true |
| immunity | body's resistance to invading organisms |
| natural immunty | acquired through disease |
| artificial immunity | acquired through vaccinations |
| nonspecific immunity | general set of defenses; we are all born with them |
| specific immunity | acquired after birth; fight particular organisms |
| health behaviors | behaviors undertaken by people to enhance or maintain their health |
| health habit | health behavior that is firmly established and performed automatically |
| primary prevention | taking measures to combat risk factors for illness before an illness has a chance to develop |
| health belief model | includes practicing health behavior, perceived personal threat to health, belief if health practice will be effective in reducing the threat |
| theory of planned behavior | link health benefits directly to behavior |
| transtheoretical model of behavior change | analyzes the stages and processes people go through in bringing about a behavior change. Precontemplation, contemplation, action, and maintenance. |
| determinants of exercise | starting from a young age, families who exercise, positive attitudes, strong self efficacy, energy, extroverted, social support, athletic, responsibility for health |
| benefits of exercise | emotional wellbeing, decreased risk of chronic diseases, improved self efficacy, cognitive functioning, economic benefits |
| factors that influence sunscreen use | knowledge of skin cancer, perceived need for sunscreen, efficacy for protection against skin cancer, societal norms |
| parent role sunscreen | major impact |
| communication of gains | freedom from skin cancer, stress immediate affects |
| sleep | 7 hours |
| insufficient sleep | impaired cognitive functioning, mood, job preformance, and quality of life. Disable insulin levels, heart disease, dysregulate stress physiology |
| health-compromising behaviors | behaviors practiced by people that understand or harm their current or future health. |
| substance dependence | repeatedly self administered resulting in tolerance, withdrawal, and compulsive beahvior. |
| problem drinking and alcoholism | substance dependence disorders that are defined by specific behaviors |
| synergestic affects | enhances detrimental effects of other risk factors |
| factors associated with smoking in adolescents | social contagion, families, lower social class, increase in stress and depression |
| nicotine addiction | people smoke to prevent nicotine withdrawal symptoms |
| intervention for adolescents | target the reasons that people start smoking |
| multimodal interventions for smoking | nicotine replacement, therapy, stress management, social support, relapse prevention |
| evaluation of multimodal interventions | for adults cognitive behavioral, self-monitoring, modification of stimuli |
| social interventions | information about negative effects, peer group foster non-smoking over smoking, develop positive image of a non-smoker |
| evaluation of social interventions | can reduce smoking for 4 years, does not affect regular smokers |
| stress | negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biomedical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that are directed towards altering the stressful event or accomodating to it's effects |
| stressors | things that cause stress |
| fight or flight response | body is rapidly aroused and motivated via sympathetic nervous system; makes the body flee or fight |
| selye's general adaption syndrome | alarm, resistance, and exhaustion in physiological responses to stress |
| tend and befriend | animals respond to stress by social affiliation and nurturant behavior; typically women |
| primary appraisal | a person is trying to understand the stressful event and what it will mean |
| secondary appraisal | assess whether personal resources are sufficient to meet the demands |
| stress reactivity | degree of change that occurs in the autonomic, neuroendocrine, and or immune responses as a result of stress |
| allostatic load | multiple physiological systems within the body fluctuate to meet the demands of stress |
| what makes events stressful? | negative, uncontrollable, ambiguous, overload |
| inducing disease | people experiencing more stress are more likely to get sick |
| daily hassles | minor stressful events that can be cumulative |
| approach-approach | both could be good |
| approach-avoidant | both have positive and negatives |
| avoidant-avoidant | two undesirable options |
| stresses in the workplace | role conflict, control, social relationships, unemployment, work and family roles, gender and multiple roles, protective effects of multiple roles, children |
| problem-focused coping | something constructive about the stressor itself and the conditions |
| emotion-focused coping | regulate emotions experienced due to event |
| social support | information from others that one is loved and cared for, esteemed or valued and part of a network of communication |
| tangible assistance | provision of material support |
| informational support | walk with someone who experienced the same thing |
| emotional support | reassure person that they are valued and cared for |
| invisible support | receives help from another but is unaware of it |
| direct effect hypothesis | social support is beneficial during both a nonstressful and stressful event |
| buffering hypothesis | social support is chiefly evident during periods of high stress |
Created by:
zoedinius
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