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ASTRO 291 Exam 1

Important people from unit 2

AccomplishmentsPerson
Discovered difference between 'true North' and "magnetic North' Shen Kuo
First to propose "natural" forces were responsible for observed phenomena Thales
Deduced the moon was a sphere because of how light reflects off of it Pythagoras
Believed geocentric model because there was no parallax, factually proved Earth was a sphere, and found moon is closer than Mars Aristotle
First known attempt to measure relative distances and diameters of the sun and moon Aristarchus
Made the first accurate measurement of the Earth's size Eratosthenes
Determined actual length of year within 6 minutes, accurately measured moon's diameter, and the ratio of moon's distance to Earth's diameter Hipparchus
Found more accurate distance to the sun when compared to Hipparchus Posidonius
Created geocentric solar system with epicycles that was extremely accurate, also write "The Almagest" Ptolemy
Invented the hydrometer and improved the known topic of conic sections and positions of celestial bodies Hypatia
Wrote the fundamental astronomy textbook in Middle East and Europe for over 800 years Abul-Abbas
Published high quality star catalogs and made first recorded observations of extragalactic objects Abd al-Sufi
Determined the location of sun's greatest distance was moving at 12'' per year, and Mercury's orbit is more oval than circle Abu al-Zarqali
Developed theory of multiple worlds and universes Fakhr al Razi
Developed basis of modern spherical trigonometry and proposed the law conservation of mass Nasir al-Tusi
Followed heliocentric model, measured fairly accurate planet distances from the sun Copernicus
Produced a catalog of star and planet positions accurate to 1', proved comets weren't atmospheric phenomena, and discovered supernovae Brahe
Wrote the 3 laws of planetary motion Kepler
used telescopes to make many planetary observations: Venus phases, moon's craters and mountains, sunspots, Jupiter's moons, Saturn's rings, Milky Way is a bunch of stars Galileo
Made first map of the moon's surface, and made the first scientific telescopic observations of celestial objects Harriot
Characterized properties of atmospheric refraction, discovered Saturn's moons (rings are split) measured parallax for Mars, discovered Jupiter's spot and measured rotation period, refined eccentricity measurement and variation in sun's angular diameter Cassini
First reasonably accurate measurement of the speed of light Ole Roemer
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