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Science 10/8/2024
water properties, atoms, bonds, and pH
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Water molecule atoms | H2O |
| bonds between each hydrogen and oxygen | one covalent bond |
| covalent bond | sharing electron |
| Do hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a water molecule share the electrons equally? | No |
| Which atoms has a stronger pull on the electron? | the oxygen atom |
| Oxygen's charge in water | slightly negative |
| slight charge symbol and name | Delta δ |
| polar molecule | a molecule that has a region with a slight positive charge and a region with a slight negative charge. |
| is water polar or nonpolar? | polar |
| Opposite charges ---, like charges ---- | attract, repel |
| hydrogen bond | weak attraction between hydrogen atom and other atom with slight negative charge |
| hydrogen charge | slightly positive |
| hydrogen bonds hold water together, T or F | True |
| Adhesion | attraction of unlike substances |
| Cohesion | attraction of like substances |
| High Surface Tension | A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Attraction of water molecules on the surface. Makes water behave like its coated with an invisible film |
| Capillary Action | Water can be drawn up a thin tube against the forces of gravity. Result of both adhesion and cohesion creates meniscus. |
| Capillary | having a very small bore |
| Bore | The internal diameter of a tube |
| Meniscus | Curved edge of water |
| Universal solvent | Water dissolves many substances with a charge. Forms a solution, |
| Expands when it freezes | Freezes, organizes, and expands, creating gaps, lowering the density, allowing it to float. |
| High specific heat | Refers to water's ability to absorb and retain heat energy before it's temp changes. |
| Unique Properties of Water | High Surface Tension, capillary action, universal solvent, expands when it freezes, high specific heat. |
| Solution | a mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance. |
| Solute | the substance dissolved in the solution |
| Solvent | the substance in which the solute is dissolved |
| Implications | Water strider, roots absorbing water, sugar dissolving, ice insulates ponds, and regulates temp, helping with homeostasis. |
| Specific Heat | Amount of heat per unit mass required to change the temperature |
| aqueous solution | a solution where water is the solvent |
| Concentration | the measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solution |
| dilute solution | a solution that only a little solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent |
| concentrated solution | A solution that contains a large amount of solute relative to the amount that could be dissolved. |
| Dissociation of water | the breaking apart of a water molecules. One hydrogen is released. |
| what does dissociation of water created | creates hydroxide ions, negatively charged, and hydrogen ions, positively charged. |
| Acid | a chemical compound that releases H+ into a solution |
| Base | a compound that accepts H+ and removes them from the solution |
| Alkaline | a solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions the solution is basic(Alkaline) |
| pH scale range | 0 to 14 |
| 14 | basic, more hydroxide |
| 0 | acidic, more hydrogen |
| neutral | 7 |
| What does the pH scale measure? | The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| How much is each step? | ten fold |
| Neutralization | mixing an acid and a base yiels salt and water |
| Salt | Ionic compound containing ions cations other than H+ and anions other than OH- |
| Buffer | Substances that minimized changes in pH, they buffer |
| Cation | atom loses electron(s), positive charge |
| Anion | atom gains electron(s), negative charge |
| Valence Shell | outermost shell; participates in bonding |
| Octet Rule | Valence shell typically has eight electrons except the first shell has two |
| Vertical Row | Same number of electrons in valence shell |
| Horizontal | Contains elements with the same total number of electron shells |
| Ion | Formed when an atom loses or gains electrons becoming electrically charged |
| Ionic bond strength | weak |
| Ionic Bond: Metal and metal or metal or nonmetal | metal and nonmetal |
| Covalent bond | When atoms share electrons |
| Covalent bonds: metal or nonmetal | nonmetal |
| Covalent Bonds Create | Molecules |
| Strength of Covalent Bond | Strongest |
| In water, are the hydrogens close or spread apart? | close |
| Type of bond between hydrogen and oxygen in water | covalent and hydrogen bonds |
| importance of universal solvent | Is a medium for chemical reactions |
| Compound | Two or more different elements combine in a fixed ratio to form molecules of a compound |
| atomic number | A number of protons within the nucleus of an atom |
| mass number | The sum of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus |
| atomic mass | Average of all the relative mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element, taking in account their relative abundance |
| density | the degree of compactness of a substance. |
| Atomic number of carbon | 6 |
| Atomic number of Hydrogen | 1 |
| Atomic number nitrogen | 7 |
| Atomic number of oxygen | 8 |
| Color of carbon | black |
| color of hydrogen | white |
| color of nitrogen | blue |
| color of oxygen | red |
| Mass number of carbon | 12 |
| Mass number of hydrogen | 1 |
| Mass number of nitrogen | 14 |
| Mass number of oxygen | 16 |
| Molecule | two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| Ionic bond | formed between oppositely charged ions |
| Dissolve | To cause to pass into solution |
Created by:
swimmer5.1
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