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Brain Anatomy 7/12
JCCC Makarov 2010 Summer - Human Anatomy - Nervous and Endocrine Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sympathetic Nervous System is mainly responsible for: | Fight or Flight |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System is mainly responsible for: | Rest and Digest |
| Peristalsis functions to: | move food, mix food, makes food easier to digest and absorb nutrients from. |
| What controls peristalsis: | Parasympathetic Nervous System |
| Central Nervous System consists of: | The brain and spinal cord. |
| Peripheral Nervous System consists of: | Cranial Nerves, spinal nerves and ganglia. |
| Main function of PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)? | To connect the CNS (Central Nervous System) to distal structures (limbs and organs.) |
| Sensory Nervous System FX? | To transmit information FROM receptors to the CNS. Contains receptors. |
| Motor Nervous System FX? | To transmit information from CNS to the rest of the body. Sends motor information to effectors. |
| What is a neuron? | Structural unit of nervous system that conducts impulses from one part of the body to another. |
| Characteristics of neurons. | High metabolic rate. Survival depends on glucose and oxygen. Extreme longevity. |
| Are neurons mitotic? | No. Mitotic ability is lost during fetal development. |
| Kinds of neurons? | Unipolar, bipolar and muiltipolar. |
| Describe unipolar neurons | They branch from the cell body like a T. They belong to the sensory nervous system and detect T.P. chemicals. |
| What regions are bipolar neurons associates with? | Olfactory and retina. |
| Where are multipolar nerves found? | In muscles and glands. |
| Ganglion | An enlargement of root and vertebrae. |
| Posterior vs. Anterior Neurons | Posterior = sensory. Anterior = motor. (The motor is in the front of the car.) |
| Interneurons | Are found in CNS only. They facilitate communication between motor and sensory neurons. |
| Most common type of neuron? | Multipolar |
| Least common type of neuron? | Bipolar |
| Most sensory neurons are | Unipolar |
| Most motor neurons are | multipolar |
| Interneurons are | Multipolar |
| What are glial cells? | Smaller than enurons, capable of mitosis. Occur in both CNS and PNS. Do not transmit nerve impulses, but DO assist neurons with their functions. Protect/help nourish/give migrating framework to neurons. |
| Types of glial cells that affect the CNS? | Astrocyte, Ependymal, Microglial and Oligodendrocyte. |
| Astrocytes | Large cell, many functions, helps make the blood brain barrier. Located between nucleus of neuron and capillaries. |
| Ependymal cells | Produces and circulates CSF, has unidirectional cilia beats, |
| Microglial cell function | Performs phagocytosis |
| Microglial location | evenly spread |
| Most common type of glial cell? | Astrocytes |
| Least common glial cell? | Microglial cells |
| Oligodendrocytes | Produce myalin and insulate the CNS (allowing faster nerve impulse conduction through the axon.) |
| PNS glial cells? | Satellite and neurolymnocytes. |
| Satellite cell function? | Protect and regulate nutrients for cell bodies in ganglia. |
| Neurolemmocyte function? | To myelinate and insulate PNS axons. |
| Fascicles | Large subunits of a nerve. Groups of axons, wrapped into separate bundles. |
| Nerve | A nerve is not a neuron. A neuron is a cell. A nerve is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons. |
| Fascicle exterior lining: | Perineurium. |
| Nerve exterior lining: | Epineurium |
| Axon exterior lining: | Endoneurium |
| Nerve Blood Vessels | Artery and Vein - proportional to the size of the nerve. |
| Grooves are called: | Sulci or condolusions. |
| Gyrus | The "folds between the sulci." |
| Cerebellum | Controls balance and fine movements. |
| Central Sulcus | Separates the frontal and parietal regions. |
| Lateral Sulcus | Separates the frontal, Parietal and Temporal. |
| Which neuron fibers are myelinated? | Axons. They make the "white matter" white. |
| Cerebral Cortex | The external layer of gray matter, covers surface of most of the brain (cerebrum and cerebllum.) |
| White matter vs. Gray Matter | White matter is deep to gray matter of the cortex. |
| Cerebral nuclei? | Internal clusters of gray matter, clusters of neuron cell bodies. |
| What does the vagus nerve belong to? | The parasympathetic nervous system. (PNS). Supplies motor fibers to a large portion of the body. (Longest nerve.) |
| Corpous callosum | Connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Largest white matter structure. Facilitates communication between the hemispheres. |
| Longitudinal fissure | Divies the left and right cerebral hemispheres. |
| How many ventricles in the brain? | 4 |
| Lateral ventricle fx? | To produce CSF. |
| What is the interthalamic adhesion? | Where 2 1/2's of the thalamus come together. |
| Mesencephalon | Medial location, inferor to the hypothalamus. "Birds head" |
| Pons | Medial location, inferior to the mesencephalon. |
| Medulla oblongata | Most inferior part of the white matter. Leads into the spinal cord. |
| Cerebral aqueduct | Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles of the brain. |
| Endocrine system consists of 3 major structures? | Hypothalamus, pituitary gland and the pineal gland (which makes melatonin.) |
Created by:
biochick
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