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Tympanometry
Audiology Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Immitance | Admittance and impedance as a combined concept |
| Two primary immitance measures | • Tympanometry • Acoustic Reflexes |
| Tympanometry | An audiologic measure that assesses the functional status of the middle and outer ear system |
| Tympanometry tells the audiologist information about what three things? | • How much the tympanic membrane moves back and forth (Compliance) • The total Volume of the EAM • The air pressure in the middle ear space |
| Admittance | Total energy flow through a system |
| Impedance | Total opposition to energy flow or resistance to the absorption of energy |
| Compliance | The act of an object undergoing elastic deformation, the opposite of stiffness |
| (Principle behind tympanometry) Sound transmission through the middle ear (i.e., admittance) is _______ when the air pressure in the middle ear space is _____ to the air pressure in the external environment | Greatest, Equal |
| The tympanic membrane vibrates most efficiently when pressure on both sides are ______ | Equal |
| When the middle ear cavity has higher positive or negative pressure than the external environment, the tympanic membrane is less compliant due to the ________ caused by the difference in air pressure | Resistance (i.e. impedance) |
| What are the tympanometer's ear probes 3 parts? | • 1- Air Pump • 2- Speaker • 3- Microphone |
| What are the three measurements that the tympanometry provides? | • Volume of the EAM • TM Compliance • Middle Ear Pressure |
| In tympanometry, the __________ creates airtight seal at the entrance of the external auditory meatus | Canal probe |
| In tympanometry, _______ presents a tone presented through a speaker | Ear probe |
| The ear probe presents _______Hz for adults | 226 |
| The ear probe presents ______ Hz for pediatrics | 1000 |
| In tympanometry, the _______ pressurizes and varies the pressure in the external auditory meatus | Air pump |
| In tympanometry, the air pump pressurizes and varies the pressure in the external auditory meatus from ________to ______ dapa | ~200 to -400 |
| In tympanometry, the ______ measures the amount of sound reflectance off of the tympanic membrane | Microphone |
| In tympanometry when using the microphone, how much sound is transmitted through the ______ vs. how much sound is reflected off the ______ | Middle ear, tympanic membrane |
| In tympanometry when using the microphone, how ________ the tympanic membrane is at any give pressure (dapa) | Compliant |
| In tympanometry, ________ are plotted in graphical format to show tympanic compliance at pressure ranging from _________ - _____ dapa | Results, ~200 to -400 |
| (Tympanic measurements, EAM volume) When pressurizing the external auditory meatus, the ______ measures the ___________ of the external auditory meatus | Probe, physical volume |
| (Tympanic measurements, EAM volume) When pressurizing the external auditory meatus, the probe measures the physical volume of the external auditory meatus in what space? | The space between the probe and the tympanic membrane |
| (Tympanic measurements, EAM volume) if there is a perforation in the tympanic membrane, what will the probe measure? And at what volume? | The external auditory meatus and the middle ear cavity It will be an abnormally large volume |
| (Tympanic measurements, EAM volume) If cerumen impaction is present in the external auditory meatus, probe will only measure to the _______. And at what volume? | Impaction. Abnormally small volume |
| Tympanic measurements tympanic membrane compliance | Determines how compliant the middle ear system is by measuring how much sound is transmitted through |
| (Tympanic measurements, TM compliance) Tone presented through ___________ and the amount of sound reflected back is measure by ________ | Probe speaker, probe mic |
| (Tympanic measurements, TM compliance) More compliant | Less sound is reflected back (lower volume at probe mic) |
| (Tympanic measurements, TM compliance) Less compliant | More sound is reflected back (higher volume at probe mic) |
| (Tympanic measurements, ME pressure) | Determines middle ear pressure by adjusting pressure in EAM from +200 to -400 dapa and assessing at which pressure the TM is most compliant |
| (Tympanic measurements, ME pressure) The tympanic membrane vibrates best when? | Pressure is equal on both sides |
| (Tympanic measurements, ME pressure) Normal ME pressure | ~0 dapa |
| (Tympanic measurements, ME pressure) Abnormal ME pressure | - ≤ -200 dapa |
| (Tympanic measurements, ME pressure) Rare to have extreme ______ pressure (possible results from sneezing, coughing, etc.) | Positive |
| (Tympanometry results) Displayed in _________ values with a _________ range | Numeric, normative |
| (Tympanometry results) Displayed in __________ format illustrating tympanic __________ (i.e., dB SPL) as a function of pressure (Tympanogram) | Graphical, compliance |
| Tympanogram | Graphically displays the results of tympanometry testing |
| Possible tympanometry outcomes | • Type A • Type As • Type Ad • Type B • Type B (with small volume) • Type B (with Large volume) • Type C |
| Type A tympanograms | Reflect a normal functioning middle ear system |
| (Type A tympanograms) Normal tympanic compliance | Height of peak |
| (Type A tympanograms ) Normal middle ear pressure | Location of peak |
| As tympanograms | Illustrates reduced compliance (i.e. stiffer than normal tympanic membrane) |
| As tympanograms have normal middle ear pressure, normal ear canal volume, but reduced? | Tympanic membrane mobility |
| The "s" in As tympanogram stands for? | Shallow |
| Pathology example for As tympanograms | Otosclerosis |
| Ad tympanogram | Illustrates hyper compliant middle ear system |
| In Ad tympanogram there is normal middle ear pressure, normal EAM volume, but the ________ is too mobile (hypercompliant) | Tympanic membrane |
| The "d" in Ad tympanogram stands for? | Deep |
| Pathology example for Ad tympanogram | Ossicular discontinuity |
| Type B tympanogram | Illustrates the inability to measure TM compliance |
| Type B tympanogram is also known as | Flat tymp |
| Type B tympanogram has no measurable? | Tympanic membrane compliance or middle ear pressure |
| Always look at the _________ with type B tympanogram | External auditory meatus volume |
| (Type B tympanogram) Large volume indicates? | TM perforation |
| (Type B tympanogram) Small volume indicates? | Cerumen impaction |
| (Type B tympanogram) Normal volume indicates? | Otitis media (middle ear infection (with effusion) |
| Type C tympanogram | Indicates negative middle ear pressure |
| In type C tympanogram, there is normal TM compliance and EAM volume, but abnormal what? | Negative middle ear pressure |
| Pathology example for type C tympanogram | Eustachian tube dysfunction |
| Pneumatic otoscopy is considered "old school" __________ | Tympanometry |
| Pneumatic otoscopy would perform otoscopy while varying pressure with hand pump and visually inspecting __________ | Tympanic membrane movement |
Created by:
RachelJClark
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