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General Biology
Chapter 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Activation Energy | energy necessary for reactions to occur |
| Allosteric Inhibition | inhibition by a binding event at a site different from the active site, which induces a conformational change and reduces the enzyme's affinity for its substrate |
| Anabolic | (also, anabolism) pathways that require an energy input to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s energy currency |
| Bioenergetics | study of energy flowing through living systems |
| Catabolic | (also, catabolism) pathways in which complex molecules break down into simpler ones |
| Chemical Energy | potential energy in chemical bonds that releases when those bonds are broken |
| Coenzyme | small organic molecule, such as a vitamin or its derivative, which is required to enhance an enzyme's activity |
| Cofactor | inorganic ion, such as iron and magnesium ions, required for optimal enzyme activity regulation |
| Competitive Inhibition | type of inhibition in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the enzyme's active site |
| Denature | process that changes a substance's natural properties |
| Endergonic | describes chemical reactions that require energy input |
| Energy Coupling | process during which energy released by one reaction is used to drive another reaction |
| Enthalpy | a system's total energy |
| Entropy (S) | measure of randomness or disorder within a system |
| Exergonic | describes chemical reactions that release free energy |
| Feedback Inhibition | a product's effect of a reaction sequence to decrease its further production by inhibiting the first enzyme's activity in the pathway that produces it |
| Free Energy | Gibbs free energy is the usable energy, or energy that is available to do work |
| Heat | energy transferred from one system to another that is not work (energy of the molecules' motion or particles) |
| Heat Energy | total bond energy of reactants or products in a chemical reaction |
| Induced Fit | dynamic fit between the enzyme and its substrate, in which both components modify their structures to allow for ideal binding |
| Kinetic energy | energy type that takes place with objects or particles in motion |
| Metabolism | all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism |
| Phosphoanhydride Bond | bond that connects phosphates in an ATP molecule |
| Potential Energy | energy type that has the potential to do work; stored energy |
| Substrate | molecule on which the enzyme acts |
| Thermodynamics | study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter |
| Transition State | high-energy, unstable state (an intermediate form between the substrate and the product) occurring during a chemical reaction |
| Which of the following is not a component of ATP? Adenine Nitrogenous base), Ribose (sugar), Active site, Phosphate group | active site |
| Endergonic reactions can occur in the cell because they are coupled with | the breaking of phosphate bonds in ATP |
| Which of the following is/are the most immediate source of energy for cellular work? | ATP |
| Energy | The ability to do work |
| Which of the following is likely to have the most potential energy? ATP, ADP, Glucose, Sucrose, Carbon dioxide | Sucrose |
| The catalysts that help an organism carry out needed chemical reactions are called | enzymes |
| Factors that affect the activity of an enzyme molecule include | temperature and pH |
Created by:
ciguado5
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