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Unit 3

Vocabulary Unit 3

TermDefinition
Rock A solid made of minerals or mineral-like materials
Rock Cycle A model that describes the ways in which rocks change from one type to another
Magma Molten rock beneath Earth's surface, including any dissolved gases and crystals
Lava Magma that reaches Earth's surface
Igneous Rock A rock formed from cooled magma or lava
Weathering Any process that breaks down rock
Sediment Loose particles created by the weathering of rock
Sedimentary Rock Rock formed from layers of weathered, eroded, and deposited sediment
Metamorphic Rock Rock formed by the alteration of pre-existing rock by heat, pressure and/ or fluids
Intrusive Igneous Rock Igneous rock that formed below Earth's surface
Extrusive Igneous Rock Igneous rock that has formed on Earth's surface
Texture The size, shape, and arrangement of a rock's component parts
Granitic Composition igneous rocks that contain between 10% and 25% dark silicate minerals; sometimes called felsic rocks
Basaltic Composition Igneous rocks that contain at least 45% dark silicate minerals; sometimes called mafic rocks
Andesitic Compostition The composition of igneous rocks lying between granitic and basaltic
Erosion The incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent, such as water, wind or ice
Deposition The process by which an agent of erosion loses energy and drops the sediment it is carrying; also the process by which water vapor changed directly to solid without passing through the liquid state
Compaction Process by which sediments are squeezed together by the weight of overlying materials driving out water
Cementation Solidification of sediments by the deposition of dissolved minerals in the tiny spaces between the sedimentary particles
Clastic Sedimentary Rock A sedimentary rock made of fragments of pre-existing rock
Chemical Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary rock consisting of dissolved sediments that precipitate directly from water
Biochemical Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary rock consisting of sediments that come from biological processes; sometimes called organic sedimentary rocks
Metamorphism The changes in mineral composition and texture of a rock subjected to high temperature and pressure within Earth
Contact Metamorphism Localized changes in rock caused by the heat from a nearby magma body
Regional Metamorphism Metamorphism associated with large-scale mountain building
Hydrothermal Solution The hot, watery solution that escapes from a mass of magma that may alter the surrounding rock
Foliated Metamorphic Rock A metamorphic rock with minerals oriented perpendicular to the direction of greatest exerted pressure, giving it a layered texture
Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic rock that does not exhibit a banded or layered appearance
Created by: user-1875214
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