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More organelles
Biology exam 2-chapter 6 about lysosomes and on
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are lysosomes? | Membrane-bound organelles found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, particularly animal cells |
| What is a lysosomes structure? | Spherical vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down various biomolecules |
| What specific enzymes are found in lysosomes? | Protease, nuclease, lipase, amylase, glycosidase, and acid phosphatase |
| What does protease do? | Break down proteins into amino acids |
| What does nuclease do? | Digest nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) into nucleotides |
| What does lipase do? | Break down lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol |
| What does amylase do? | Digest carbohydrates (starches) into sugars |
| What does glycosidase do? | Break down complex sugars and glycoproteins |
| What does acid phosphatase do? | Remove phosphate groups from molecules |
| Describe the various functions lysosomes perform for the cell | Break down water materials and cellular debris using digestive enzymes |
| What is autophagy? | The process by which cells degrade and recycle their own components to maintain cellular health and function |
| What is meant by lysosomes being recyclers for the cell? | Breaking down and repurposing cellular waste and worn-out components. |
| What are vacuoles? | Membrane-bound organelles found in cells, primarily plant and fungi cells, but also some protist, animal, and bacterial cells |
| What is the structure of vacuoles? | Membrane-bound sacs filled with fluid and various molecules, surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane called the tonoplast |
| What are the various functions of vacuoles? | Storage, structural support, waste disposal, homeostasis, protection, autophagy, buoyancy |
| What cells could vacuoles be in? | Plant, fungal, protist, and animal cells |
| What are the two different types of energy transforming organelles found in eukaryotic cells? | Mitochondria and chloroplasts |
| What does mitochondria do in terms of energy transformation? | Generates ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for various cellular processes |
| What does chloroplasts do in terms of energy transformation? | Found in plant cells and some protist, they conduct photosynthesis, converting solar energy into chemical energy stored in glucose |
| What energy is being transformed in mitochondria? | Transform chemical energy from nutrients (like glucose) into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is a usable form of energy for the cell’s activities |
| What energy is being transformed in chloroplasts? | Convert solar energy (light energy) into chemical energy stored in glucose through the process of photosynthesis. |
| What are similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts? | Both have double membranes, their own DNA and ribosomes, and transform energy |
| What is the endosymbiont theory? | Suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. Over time, these engulfed prokaryotes formed a symbiotic relationship, eventually evolving into the organelles |
| What is the evidence that supports the endosymbiont theory? | The presence of double membranes, circular DNA, and ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are similar to those found in prokaryotic cells |
Created by:
josie_d
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