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Cell Energy

TermDefinition
ATP An energy storage molecule consisting of an adenine base, ribose sugar, and 3 phospate groups. The energy is stored in the chemical bonds between the phosphate groups. This molecule contains the more energy than ADP.
ADP An energy storage molecule containing an adenine base, ribose sugar, and 2 phosphate groups. Contains less energy than ATP.
Photosynthesis A pathway in which light energy is converted into short-term energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into glucose and oxygen.
Cellular respiration Oxygen and glucose are converted into carbon dioxide and water. The energy released from glucose is used to make ATP.
Aerobic respiration An energy-releasing process that requires oxygen. This process occurs in the mitochondria and 36 ATP are made per molecule of glucose.
Fermentation Another name for anaerobic respiration. Only 2 ATP are produced per molecule of glucose. Oxygen is not used. Examples include lactic acid fermentation and alcholoic fermentation.
Anaerobic respiration An energy-releasing process that does not use oxygen. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and only produces 2 ATP per molecule of glucose.
Pigments Light-absorbing molecules found in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts.
Thylakoids Flattened, saclike membranes arranged in stacks. Found inside chloroplasts and contain chlorophyll.
Grana Stacks of thylakoids.
Stroma The fluid-filled space that is outside the grana.
Xylem Vascular tissue that transports water upward from the roots to the leaves of plants.
Phloem Vascular tissue that transports glucose down from the leaves to the other areas of the plant.
Glucose A carbohydrate monosaccharide that is made during photosynthesis.
Alcoholic fermentation Occurs in yeast and some bacteria. Glucose is converted into ethanol, carbon dioxide, and 2 ATP. This is an anerobic process.
Lactic acid fermentation This process occurs in skeletal muscle during intense exercise. Glucose is converted into lactic acid and 2 ATP are made. This is an anaerobic process.
Energy The ability to do work.
Thermodynamics The study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe.
Autotrophs Organims that obtain their energy by making their own food. Also referred to as producers.
Heterotrophs Organisms that obtain their energy by ingesting food. Also referred to as consumers.
Photoautotrophs Organisms that make their own food by converting light energy from the Sun into chemical energy.
Created by: user-1733795
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