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Intro 2 Bio Chapter
Chapter 2 Person Bio Exam #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is mass number? | sum of protons and electrons |
| What is an Isotope? | element with a different amount of neutrons and different mass than the original element |
| What elements make up 99% of the atoms in the human body? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur |
| What is CHNOPS? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur |
| Where are electrons located? | Orbitals |
| How many electrons can an orbital hold? | Two |
| What is a valence shell? | The outermost shell of the electron shells |
| What is a covalent bond? | A bond that forms when unpaired valence electrons are shared between two atoms |
| Are atoms more stable when they form covalent bonds? | yes |
| What is a compound? | atoms of different elements are bonded together |
| What is Electronegativity? | strength where atoms pull electrons towards themselves |
| How is electronegativity determined? | the number of protons and distance of the valence from the nucleus |
| What is a non polar covalent bond? | Electrons that are evenly shared between atoms |
| What is a polar covalent bond? | electrons that are unevenly shared between atoms |
| What happens when a covalent bond is unlinked? | the electron isn't shared and is completely transferred from one atom to another giving it a full valence shell |
| What is an Ion? | an atom or molecule that carries charge |
| What is a cation? | an atom that loses an electron and becomes positively charged |
| What is an anion? | an atom that gains an electron becomes negatively charged |
| What determines the number of bonds an atom can make? | the amount of unpaired electrons |
| In water what kind of charge does an oxygen atom have? | partial negative charges |
| In water what kind of charge does an hydrogen atom have? | partial postive charges |
| Define Hydrophilic | molecules that are ionic, polar, and love water |
| Define Hydrophobic | compounds that fear water, are uncharged, don't dissolve in water, and non polar |
| Define Cohesion | Attraction between two like molecules |
| Define Adhesion | attraction between two unlike molecules |
| Is Water cohesive or adhesive? | cohesive |
| Define surface tension | cohesive force caused by attraction between molecules at surface of the liquid |
| Define Specific heat | amount of energy needed to raise temp of l gram by 1 C |
| Define Heat of Vaporization | energy required to change 1 gram of a substance from liquid to gas |
| When does a chemical reaction occur? pt.1 | when a substance is combined with another substance |
| When does a chemical reaction occur? pt.2 | when a substance is broken down into another substance |
| What makes a substance acidic? | It gives up portions and raises hydronium ion concentration |
| What makes a substance basic? | It gains portions and lowers H30 |
| What do buffers do? | minimize changes in pH and help maintain homeostasis |
| If an electron is farther from nuclei bonds then... | nuclei bonds are long and weak |
| If electrons are closer to each other then... | nuclei bonds are shorter and stronger |
| Define Entropy | amount of disorder in the system |
| How many covalent bonds can carbon make? | Four |
| What is an organic compound? | molecules that contain carbon bonded to elements |
| What are some types of functional groups in organic compounds? | amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, phosphate, sulfhydryl |
| Define a macromolecule | larger molecules made up of monomers joined together |
| What is a monomer? | a smaller molecular subunit |
| Define Polymer | large number of monomers bonded together through polymerization |
Created by:
KGittens
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