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Biology B Unit 2

QuestionAnswer
Elements Made of only one kind of atom and cannot be broken down. Symbols are written as one uppercase letter or an uppercase and lowercase letter
Most Important Elements in Living Things Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon
Compounds Created from elements in chemical reactions. Created as the atoms are rearranged
Reactants The substances that make a product and are on the left side of the equation
Products Are created by the chemical reaction and are on the right side of the equation.
The pH Scale A measure of how acidic or basic a substance is on a scale from 0 to 14
Acids pH less than 7
Neutral pH equals 7
Bases pH greater than 7
Neutralization Reaction that occurs when an acid is mixed with a base
Buffers Chemicals that can neutralize and added acid or base.
Indicators Chemicals that change colors in different conditions, such as different pH values
Bromothymol Blue Turns yellow in the presence of acids
Phenolphthalein Turns pink in the presence of bases
pH Paper Turns colors in different pH levels because it has many indicators on it
Molecules of Life Scientists break chemicals into 2 groups Organic and Inorganic
Organic Compounds Always contain both Carbon and Hydrogen
Inorganic Compounds Never contain both Carbon and Hydrogen
Synthesis Compound is made
Breakdown Compound is broken down
Macromolecules All life on earth needs carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in order to live
Carbohydrates Organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and provides sugar, starch, and glycogen into the body
Monosaccharides Simple sugars that make up Carbohydrates
Glucose The most important simple sugar
Disaccharides 2 simple sugars bonded together
Complex Carbohydrates Long chains of many simple sugars bonded together by synthesis.
Starch How plants store excess sugars
Cellulose Makes up the cell wall of plants which is called fiber
Glycogen How animals store excess sugars in muscles and liver cells
Lipids (Fats) Organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and is meant to provide and store energy. It also cushions organs and insulates the body and makes up the cell membrane of all cells. It's building blocks are fatty acids and glycerol.
Unsaturated Fats Liquid at room temperature, mono and poly - unsaturated, and are better for you. Ex. Oils, huts, and fish.
Saturated Fats Solid at room temperature and are not healthy with the trans fat being the worst fat. Ex. Butter, meat fat
Proteins Organic compound made of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and Carbon that is meant to build, maintain, and replace tissue. It also makes up pigments and provide long-term energy storage
Amino Acids The building blocks of Protein
High protein foods Fish, Chicken Meat, Eggs, Nuts, Beans, and Dairy
Antibodies Proteins that protect the body from harmful microorganisms
Hormones Proteins that act as chemical messengers. Ex.Insulin and growth hormone
Protein Creation Cells make proteins by linking together many amino acids into a chain in a process called synthesis. The body can make many different proteins by changing the order of amino acids
Denaturation An unfavorable change in temperature or pH can cause a protein to unravel and lose its normal shape.
Enzymes/Catalysts Special proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
Enzyme Names -ase
Lactase Enzyme that digests the milk sugar lactose
Lipase Enzymes that digests lipids
Protease Enzymes that digests proteins
Substrates Substances that Enzymes work on
Active Site A special site where the substrate fits.
Chemical Reactions Occurs when the substrate fits into the active site and ends with a new substance or product being released by the enzyme
Temperature As temperature increases, enzyme action increases though to much of an increase can lead to denaturation
Enzyme Concentration As enzyme concentration increases, the rate of enzyme action increases up to a point, and then it levels off
Substrate Concentration As substrate concentration increases up to a point, and then it levels off
Created by: user-1866784
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