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Cell memb. - mosaic
Biology exam 2 chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What biological macromolecules make up the fluid mosaic model? | Phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Where are the phospholipids from the fluid mosaic model found in the membrane? | Form the bilayer structure |
| Where are the proteins from the fluid mosaic model found in the membrane? | Embedded within or attached to the surface |
| Where are the carbohydrates from the fluid mosaic model found in the membrane? | Found on the extracellular side attached to the proteins and lipids |
| What are the functions of biological membranes (fluid mosaic model)? | Regulate substance passage, facilitate cell signaling, maintain structural integrity, and enable cell adhesion and communication through their dynamic and flexible arrangement of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. |
| What are the two ways phospholipids are able to move in the membrane and the frequency of their movement. | Lateral (around plasma) and transverse (flip flop). Lateral is frequently done while transverse is rare |
| How does the fatty acid component of phospholipids change as the temperature the cell is in gets hotter? | The heat speeds up molecular motion and compensates with saturated fatty acids (unbranched and long) |
| How does the fatty acid component of phospholipids change as the temperature the cell is in gets colder? | The cold slows down molecular motion and compensates with modified fatty acids (unsaturated, branched, and short) |
| How is cholesterol used to moderate membrane fluidity? | Restrains movement of phospholipids at high temps and promotes fluidity by preventing tight packing of phospholipids at low temps |
| what kinds of organisms contain cholesterol in their membranes? | Animal cells |
| What kinds of organisms do not contain cholesterol in their membranes? | Plant cells and most bacteria |
| How is cholesterol oriented within the membrane of cells it is in? | Hydroxyl group (OH) near the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids and its hydrophobic steroid ring structure aligned with fatty acid tails of the phospholipids |
| What are two different types of membrane proteins? | Integral and peripheral |
| What are the features of integral proteins and how are they associated with the membrane? | span the entire bilayer, with hydrophobic regions interacting with fatty acid tails of the phospholipids and hydrophilic regions |
| What are the features of peripheral proteins and how are they associated with the membrane? | not embedded in the bilayer, loosely attached to the outer or inner surface of the membrane, often through interactions with integral proteins or the polar heads of phospholipids |
| What six different functions performed by different proteins found in the cell membrane? | Channel and carrier protein, enzymatic protein, receptor protein, glycoproteins, adhesion proteins, and anchor proteins |
| What are the structures of carbohydrates found in the membrane? | Glycoproteins and glycolipids |
| What are the functions of carbohydrates found in the membrane? | Cell recognition, cell adhesion, protection, signaling, and stabilization |
| Where are glycoproteins and glycolipids found? | Extracellular surface |
| What two biological macromolecule carbohydrates can be attached to new molecules? | carbohydrates attach to proteins, calling them glycoproteins. carbohydrates attach to lipids, calling them glycolipids |
Created by:
josie_d
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