Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio Defs Week 2
Textbook Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Lipid | Fatty macromolecule that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water, fats, oils, waxes, steroids & phospholipids |
| Hydrocarbons | Organic molecule that contains only hydrogen & carbon atoms |
| Fatty Acids | Lipid w/ a hydrocarbon chain bonded at one end to a carboxyl group, stores chemical energy |
| Saturated | Lipids w/ only Carbon - Carbon single bonds, high melting points |
| Unsaturated | Lipids w/ at least one Carbon - Carbon double bond, causes links in the hydrocarbon chain, low melting point |
| Waxes | Long chains of non-polar lipid, fatty acids or long chain alcohols, solid |
| Oil | Polysatured fat that is liquid at room temperature |
| Steroids | Lipid w/ four-ring hydrocarbon structure, hormones, muscles, & immune system |
| Fats | Lipids w/ three fatty acid molecules, insulation, long-term energy storage |
| Glycerol | Three carbon molecules that form the “backbone” of phospholipids & fats |
| Ester Linkage | Covalent bond, condensation reaction b/tw carboxyl & hydroxyl groups, joins fatty acids and glycerol to form a fat or phospholipid |
| Phospholipids | Lipids w/ hydrophilic head & hydrophobic tail, major component for plasma membrane and organelle membrane |
| Amphipathic | Substances w/ hydrophilic & hydrophobic regions, “dual-sympathy” |
| Amino Acids | Small organic molecules that is the fundamental building block for protein, side chain |
| R-Group or Side Chain | The part of an amino acid that makes different variations |
| Hydrophilic | Active interaction w/ water, usually polar compounds w/ partial or fully charged atoms |
| Hydrophobic | uninterested in interaction w/ water, usually nonpolar compounds |
| Peptide Bond | Covalent bond formed by a condensation reaction b/tw two amino acids |
| Primary Structure | Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain, unfunctional, protein 1st stage |
| Secondary Structure | Folding and coiling of primary structure, repeating configuration, alpha helix and beta pleated sheets, unfunctional, protein 2nd stage |
| Alpha Helix | Second structure in a protein, polypeptide backbone spiral shape, h-bonds |
| Beta Pleated Sheet | Second structure in protein, polypeptide backbone, folds into sheet-like shape, h-bond |
| Tertiary Structure | 3-D interaction b/tw amion acid chain and R group, mutli-bonds, built from secondary structure, weaves and coils around, protein 3rd stage |
| Disulfide Bonds | “Two sulfur” covalent bond, typically in the side chains, contribute to tertiary & quaternary levels |
| Quaternary Structure | Result from aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits, big from multi-little |
| Macromolecular Machines | Group of proteins and nucleic acid that assemble to carry out a particular function |
| Polypeptide | Amino acid chain > 50 residues, “many peptide” |
| Oligopeptide | Amino acid chain < 50 residues, “few peptide”, aka peptide |
| Denatured | Protein or nucleic acid, loss of 3-D structure due to breakage of covalent &/or non-covalent bonds, heat, chemical, PH, or salt |
| Molecular Chaperons | Protein that facilitates folding or refolding into a 3-D shape |
| Prions | Infectious particles made up of protein, two different fold shapes, normal fold & disease fold, infected can infect the uninfected |
| Catalysis | Acceleration of a chemical reaction by adding a catalyst, usually an enzyme, activation energy |
| Catalyst | Any substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction w/o itself undergoing any permeate chemical change |
| Enzyme | Protein catalyst used by living organisms to increase the rate of biological reactions |
| Substrates | 1) a reactant that interacts w/ a catalyst, 2) Surface on which a cell or organism sits |
| Active Site | Location on an enzyme molecule where substrates bind & react |
| Nucleic Acid | Macromolecule composed of nucleotide monomers, store & transfer hereditary information, includes DNA & RNA |
| Nucleotides | Building block of nucleic acid, nitrogen base, sugar (deoxyribose and ribose), and phosphate group, is comparable w/ nucleoside, but with more phosphate groups |
| Purines | Class of double-ringed nitrogenous bases (A, G), found in nucleotides |
| Pyrimidines | Class of single-ringed nitrogenous bases (C, U, T), found in nucleotides |
| Phosphodiester Linkage | Chemical link b/tw adjacent nucleotide residues in DNA & RNA, forms when a phosphate group of a nucleotide condenses w/ the hydroxyl group on the sugar of a different nucleotide, phosphodiester bond |
| Ribonucleotides | A nucleotide that contains ribose and a pentose sugar, is the basic building block for RNA |
| Deoxyribonucleotides | A nucleotide that contains a deoxyribose and a pentose sugar, is the basic building block for DNA |
| X-Ray Crystallography | Technique for determining 3-D structure of larger molecules, protein and nucleic acid, analysis diffraction patterns produced by x-ray beamed at crystals of the molecule |
| Antiparallel | Two strands of a molecule, nucleic acid, are parallel but run in opposite directions |
| Complementary Base Pairing/ Watson-Crick Pairing | Specific interactions between nitrogenous bases in DNA, A always pairs to T, and C always to G |
| Base Stacking | Arrangement of nitrogen bases in DNA, bases stack on top of each other in a parallel configuration |
| Template Strand | Original strand used as a base for a complementary strand, DNA synthesis |
| Complementary Strand | New strand of DNA that connects to a temple strand, DNA synthesis |
| Ribozymes | Any RNA Molecule that catalyses a chemical reaction |
| Condensation Reactions/Dehydration Synthesis | Reaction w/ two or more molecules to form a larger molecule, reaction loses water |
| Hydrolysis | Reaction to break down molecule by using water |
Created by:
KimbaPasch
Popular Biology sets