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Lipids
Biology exam chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are lipids? | A diverse group of hydrophobic molecules |
| Why are lipids not true polymers? | They do not consist of repeating monomer units |
| What are the chemical properties of lipids? | hydrophobic molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, and play key roles in energy storage, cell membrane structure, and hormone production |
| What are triglycerides? | A type of fat (lipid) found in your blood. They are composed of one molecule of glycerol bound to three fatty acids |
| What is the function of a triglyceride? | Major form of energy storage in the body. When you consume more calories than your body needs, these excess calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in fat cells. Later, hormones release these triglycerides to provide energy between meals |
| Where are triglycerides found? | Blood, fat cells, and dietary sources |
| What is the structure of a triglyceride? | Consists of one glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids, serving primarily as a form of energy storage in the body. |
| What type of reaction occurs in a triglyceride? | Condensation reaction, one molecule of glycerol combines with three fatty acids, resulting in the formation of three ester bonds and the release of three molecules of water |
| What are similarities between saturated and unsaturated fats? | Energy storage, composition, hydrocarbon chains, essential for health, insolubility in water |
| What are differences between saturated and unsaturated fats? | Chemical structure, physical state at room temperature, sources, health impact |
| Where are saturated fats found? | Animal products, processed food, tropical oils |
| Where are unsaturated fats found? | Vegetable oil, nuts and seeds, avocados, fatty fish, olives |
| What are phospholipids? | They have a unique structure that allows them to form the lipid bilayer of cell membranes |
| What are phospholipid structures? | Phospholipids are molecules with a glycerol backbone, two hydrophobic fatty acid tails, and a hydrophilic phosphate head, crucial for forming cell membranes |
| What is amphipathic nature? | a molecule having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, allowing it to interact with both water and lipid environments |
| What part of amphipathic nature is hydrophobic? | Fatty acid tails |
| What part of amphipathic nature is hydrophilic? | Phosphate head |
| Where is amphipathic nature found? | Cell membrane |
| How does amphipathic nature come together? | spontaneously arrange into a bilayer in aqueous environments, with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward, forming the cell membrane |
| what are the structural features of steroids? | A core structure of four fused carbon rings (three cyclohexane rings and one cyclopentane ring) with various functional groups attached, influencing their biological activity. |
| What are the functions of steroids? | Hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and development of sexual characteristics. |
| What are examples of steroids? | Cholesterol, cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, dexamethasone |
Created by:
josie_d
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