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Nucleic acids

biology for exam chapter 5

QuestionAnswer
What are nucleic acids? Large biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information in living organisms, composed of long chains of nucleotides, which include a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group.
What are common examples of nucleic acids? DNA and RNA
What is DNA's function? Molecule that carries genetic information
What is RNA's function? Coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes
What are nucleotides? Basic building blocks for nucleic acids, consisting of nitrogenous bases, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group
What are the three parts to nucleotides? Phosphate, nitrogenous base, and ribose sugar
How are the three parts of nucleotides linked together spatially? The nitrogenous base is attached to the sugar molecule, and the phosphate group is linked to the sugar molecule’s other side
What are the different classes of nitrogenous bases? Purines and pyrimidines
What are the nitrogenous bases for purine? Adenine and Guanine
What are the nitrogenous bases for pyrimidines? Cytosine and thymine
What are polynucleotide strands? Long chains of nucleotides linked together. They form the backbone of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
What is the structure of polynucleotide strands? Sugar-phosphate backbone with nitrogenous bases (A, T, G, C in DNA; A, U, C, G in RNA) projecting from the backbone
What is the bond type that holds the subunits (nucleotides) together Phosphodiester bonds
What is the directionality of the strand (how is it named and why)? 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar molecule, 3' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the 3' carbon of the sugar molecule
What is the structure of DNA? A double helix
Describe the structure of double helix made of two polynucleotide strands Consists of two polynucleotide strands that twist around each other, with sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside and complementary base pairs (A-T and C-G) held together by hydrogen bonds on the inside
What are complementary base pairs? A-T and C-G
What is a gene in DNA? Segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or RNA molecule. Fundamental units of heredity and play crucial role in determining traits and functions of an organism
Sugars in nucleotides in DNA? Deoxyribose, a five-carbon sugar. This sugar is part of the backbone of the DNA strand.
Nitrogenous bases in nucleotides in DNA? A, T, G, C
Sugars in nucleotides in RNA? Ribose, a five-carbon sugar, has an additional hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the 2’ carbon atom
Nitrogenous bases in nucleotides in RNA? A, U, G, C
How many polynucleotides are in DNA? 2
How many polynucleotides are in RNA? 1
Created by: josie_d
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