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Respiratory Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what's the normal respiration for adult? | 16 to 20 |
| eupnea | normal rate and rhythm |
| dysphnea | difficulty and labored breathing |
| tachypnea | increased respiration |
| bradypnea | slow respiration |
| orthopnea | shortness of breath |
| cheyne-stokes | fast, deep and slow breathing then dyspnea followed by apnea |
| apnea | absence of breathing |
| kussmaul's | increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation |
| biot's | fast, deep resp with abrupt pauses |
| crackles or rales | sounds like hair rubbing on inspiration; sounds like rice krispies. Are intermittent, produced by air passing over retained airway secretions or sudden opening of collapsed airways. |
| ronchi | cont. dry rattling sounds; also called gurgles. Wheezing in bronchi with more secretions, may clear with cough, heard with bronchitis, tumors |
| stertor | snoring sounds caused by secretions in the larger airways |
| stridor | crowing sounds on inspiration, as in croup or laryngitis; never clears with cough; from partial obstuction of larynx, trachea, seen with croup and large airway tumor |
| wheezes | whisting sounds as in asthma and emphysema |
| what is the main function of respiratory system? | exchange O2 and CO2 between the atmospheric air and the blood |
| visceral pleural | membrane on the outer surface of each lung |
| mediastinum | contains the heart and great vessels |
| parietal pleural | the member lining the chest wall |
| apex | upper, rounded part of lung |
| base | lower portion part of lung |
| upper respiratory tract | consists parts outside the chest cavity; the air passages of the nose, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx and upper trachea. |
| lower respiratory tract | consists parts found within the chest cavity; lower trachea, lungs, including the bronchial tubes and alveoli |
| thoracic cavity | contains the lungs, which are separated from the other chest organs by the mediastinum |
| pleura | a thin transparent double layered membrane lining the thoracic cavity which encases the lungs |
| Respiratory AP FYI | the right lung is larger than the left and divided into three lobes. |
| CILIA | airway is lined with epithelial tissue with mucous secreting goblet cells and hair like projections. It protects from foreign particles, upward motion); it propels mucus to pharynx for expectoration |
| pharynx | connects nasal passgaes and mouth to the lower parts of the respiratory tract |
| Larynx | passageway for air entering and leaving the trachea and contains the vocal cords |
| adam's apple | upper most part of the larynx is the thyroid cartillage |
| epiglottis | leaf like structure which covers the larynx during swallowing |
| glottis | triangular space between vocal cords when relaxes |
| which is wider and more vertically positioned than left bronchus? It allows foreign matter to enter the right more easily | right bronchus |
| bronchioles | branch off from each bronchi. Terminal bronchioles branch further into: alveolar ducts which end in alveoli |
| alveoli | sac-like structures resembling grapes |
| respiratorry tissue | insipired air supplies cells with oxygen for carrying on metabolism |
| respiratorry tissue | performs the gas exchange structure which includes alveoli and alveolar ducts |
| surfactant | a phospholipid substance |
| neuromuscular control of respiration | regulation of respiration is integrated by neurons in the pons and medulla of the brain |
| inspiration | diaphragm contracts and flattens out; intercoastal muscles contract and elevate ribs |
| expiration | diaphragm and intercoastal muscles relax and air moves out of the lungs |
| diaphragm | is the primary muscle of respiration |
| voluntary | components of respiration control breathing with acts of talking and speaking |
| CT SCAN OF LUNG | detects tumors, lung abscesses, TB; CHECK FOR IODINE ALLERGY |
| nursing implementation | always obtain an informed concent and remove motal objects |
| 2 to 8 hrs | hold intake after laryngoscopy. Provide emesis basin for spitting saliva. Sputum is inspected for blood. Excessive bleeding is reported. |
| THORANCENTESIS | PLEUROCENTESIS. Surgical puncture of chest wall with a large BORE needle |
| BRONCHOSCOPY | direct visualization of bronchi thru a fiber optic scope. |
| what is the main symptom of bronchoscopy? | blood tinged sputum |
| ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES (ABG's) | direct measurement of the ability of the lungs to exchange gases by measuring the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 and evaluates the potential of hydrogen of arterial blood |
| ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES (ABG's) Nursing implimentation | performed by an advanced practitioner, arterial blood is drawn from either radial or femoral artery. Direct pressure is applied to the puncture site for 3 to 5 minutes and longer if pt is in an anticoagulant |
| check pulse oximetry reading | if pt is cyanotic |
| CYTOLOGY | looking for malignant cells |
| what are the principal muscles of respiration | external and internal intercostals, diaphragm and abdominal muscles |
| cough: non productive | no sputum produced! Cough may be described as harsh, dry, barking, hacking, croup-like |
| cough: productive | pt expectorate sputum |
| PURULENT cough | thick yellow, green = bacterial infection |
| RUSTY cough | untreated bacterial pneumonia |
| CLEAR TO WHITE cough | (thin) viral upper respiratory infection, COPD, asthma, CHF |
| PINK TINGE cough | possible tumor |
| 3 areas to swab for throat culture | tonsils, pharynx, uvula |
| if strep is untreated | rheumatic fever will develop |
| pt teaching after pulmonary angiography | pt should lie down flat for 6 hours afterwards |
Created by:
jekjes
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