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Cellular Transport

TermDefinition
Semipermeable The prefix "semi" means some or partial, and "permeable" means to pass through. The cell membrane is semipermeable membrane because only allows certain molecules to pass through.
Solute Solute is a dissolved substance. Examples: salt or sugar.
Solvent A substance that is able to dissolve other substances. Example: water. Water is the universal solvent.
Cell transport Moving molecules in and out of the cell.
Passive transport Diffusion of a molecule across the cell membrane without using energy. Examples of passive transport: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis.
Active transport The movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient, requiring energy. Includes endocytosis and exocytosis.
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate: an organic compound that serves as energy source for cells.
Concentration gradient Concentration gradient refers to the gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution.
Pump Membrane proteins that are capable of transporting ions against a concentration gradient using the energy from ATP.
Simple diffusion Molecules move through cell membrane from areas of high to low concentration.
Facilitated diffusion Involves transport, carrier or channel proteins in the cell membrane, that transport large or charged molecules that cannot cross the membrane by simple diffusion. Example, transport of glucose into red blood cells.
Osmosis Is the diffusion of water molecules from regions of lower solute concentration to regions of higher solute concentration across the semipermeable cell membrane.
Ion An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Endocytosis A process of cellular ingestion by which the plasma membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell.
Exocytosis Secretion of intracellular molecules, contained within membrane-bound vesicles, to the outside of the cell by fusion of vesicles with cell membrane.
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