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Carbs & lipids
Food and biomolecules 5th year biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Benefits of food | Source of energy To make chemicals for metabolic For growth and repair (respiration) |
| Autotroph | An organism that makes its own food eg green plant |
| Heterotroph | Has to obtain food from another source |
| 4 major biomolecules | Carbohydrates Lipids Protein Vitamins/ Minerals |
| Carbohydrate formula | Cx(H20)y |
| Monosaccharide | One sugar unit |
| Disaccharide | 2 sugar units bonded together |
| Polysaccharide | Many sugar units bonded together |
| Monosaccharide examples | Fructose or glucose |
| Disaccharide examples | Maltose (2x glucose) Sucrose (glucose+fructose) Lactose (glucose+galactose) |
| Polysaccharide examples | Starch Cellulose Glycogen |
| Starch | Storage carb in plants |
| Cellulose | Structural carb in plants |
| Glycogen | Storage carb in animals |
| Carbohydrate enzymes | Amylase Maltase |
| Lipid biomolecules | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
| Triglyceride | Glycerol + 3 fatty acids |
| Phospholipids | Phosphate + 2 fatty acids |
| Phospholipid role | Structural purpose in the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer) |
| Where is cholesterol made | The liver and consumed by the foods we eat |
| Risks of cholesterol | Restricts blood flow and reduces oxygen levels to the heart and brain |
| Lipase | Enzyme that breaks down fats |
| Where is lipase released from | The pancreas |