Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
General Biology
Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active Transport | method of transporting material that requires energy |
| Amphiphilic | molecule possessing a polar or charged area and a nonpolar or uncharged area capable of interacting with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments |
| Antiporter | transporter that carries two ions or small molecules in different directions |
| Aquaporin | channel protein that allows water through the membrane at a very high rate |
| Carrier Protein | membrane protein that moves a substance across the plasma membrane by changing its own shape |
| Caveolin | protein that coats the plasma membrane's cytoplasmic side and participates in the liquid uptake process by potocytosis |
| Channel Protein | membrane protein that allows a substance to pass through its hollow core across the plasma membrane |
| Clathrin | protein that coats the plasma membrane's inward-facing surface and assists in forming specialized structures, like coated pits, for phagocytosis |
| Concentration Gradient | area of high concentration adjacent to an area of low concentration |
| Diffusion | passive transport process of low-molecular weight material according to its concentration gradient |
| Electrochemical Gradient | a combined electrical and chemical force that produces a gradient |
| Electrogenic Pump | pump that creates a charge imbalance |
| Endocytosis | type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles, into a cell |
| Exoxytosis | process of passing bulk material out of a cell |
| Facilitated Transport | process by which material moves down a concentration gradient (from high to low concentration) using integral membrane proteins |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | describes the plasma membrane's structure as a mosaic of components including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids (sugar chains attached to proteins or lipids, respectively), resulting in a fluid character (fluidity) |
| Glycolipid | combination of carbohydrates and lipids |
| Glycoprotein | combination of carbohydrates and proteins |
| Hydrophilic | molecule with the ability to bond with water; “water-loving” |
| Hydrophobic | molecule that does not have the ability to bond with water; “water-hating” |
| Hypertonic | situation in which extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving out of the cell |
| Hypotonic | situation in which extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving into the cell |
| Integral Protein | protein integrated into the membrane structure that interacts extensively with the membrane lipids' hydrocarbon chains and often spans the membrane |
| Isotonic | situation in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the fluid inside the cell, resulting in no net water movement into or out of the cell |
| Osmolarity | total amount of solutes dissolved in a specific amount of solution |
| Osmosis | transport of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the water's concentration gradient across the membrane that results from the presence of solute that cannot pass through the membrane |
| Passive transport | method of transporting material through a membrane that does not require energy |
| Peripheral Position | protein at the plasma membrane's surface either on its exterior or interior side |
| Pinosytosis | a variation of endocytosis that imports macromolecules that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid |
| Plasmolysis | detaching the cell membrane from the cell wall and constricting the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution |
| Potocytosis | variation of pinocytosis that uses a different coating protein (caveolin) on the plasma membrane's cytoplasmic side |
| Primary Active Transport | active transport that moves ions or small molecules across a membrane and may create a difference in charge across that membrane |
| Pump | active transport mechanism that works against electrochemical gradients |
| Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis | variation of endocytosis that involves using specific binding proteins in the plasma membrane for specific molecules or particles, and clathrin-coated pits that become clathrin-coated vesicles |
| Secondary Active Transport | movement of material that results from primary active transport to the electrochemical gradient |
| Selectively Permeable | membrane characteristic that allows some substances through (also known as semipermeable) |
| Solute | substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution |
| Symporter | transporter that carries two different ions or small molecules, both in the same direction |
| Tonicity | amount of solute in a solution |
| Transport Protein | membrane protein that facilitates a substance's passage across a membrane by binding it |
| Transporter | specific carrier proteins or pumps that facilitate movement |
| Uniporter | transporter that carries one specific ion or molecule |
| Red blood cells placed in distilled water will | Swell as water moves into the cell by osmosis |
| When large molecules, such as food particles, need to get into a cell, the cannot easily pass through the plasma membrane, and so they move across the membrane through the process of | phagocytosis and endocytosis |
| According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, protein of the membrane are mostly | embedded in the lipid bilayer and able to move |
| Which of the following types of proteins allow materials to move into, or out of, the cell? | channel proteins |
| Which of the following cannot pass through the plasma membrane? | glucose and amino acids |
Created by:
ciguado5
Popular Biology sets