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Biology Exam 1
Chapters 1-4 review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Scientific Method | a process we can use to save problems and answer questions. |
| QIHEAC | Question, Information, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion/Communicate |
| Question | The question you are trying to answer |
| Information | Gather background information about your question using credible sources of information |
| Hypothesis | An If... Then... statement scientists use to find a testable way to answer a question |
| Experiement | a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact. |
| Analysis | Scientists look at the data from their experiments and find patterns |
| Conclusion/Communicate | `After looking at the data, Scientists try to answer their original question |
| What characteristics make a good Hypothesis? | Testable, Clear, Specific, Concise, and a state of clear relationship between variables. |
| What is the difference between Theory and Hypothesis? | Hypothesis is an educated guess, a Theory is a well established explanation. |
| Qualitative Data | Information that is Non-Numerical and is often presented in narrative or textual format. Describes qualities or characteristics. Collection: Interviews, questionnaris or observation |
| Quantitative Data | Numerical info that is counted, measured or compared on numerical scale. ex. "How many" "How orften" |
| Importance of a control group | provides a baseline for comparison. Allows researches to isolate the effect of independent variable. ensures validity of study results due to not being changed. |
| Example of control group | Group of participants receives real medication being tested, while the control group receives a placebo. |
| Prokaryotes | Microscopic single-celled organism with no nucleus or membrane |
| Eukaryotes | Cell or Cells have a clearly defined membrane bound nucleus. |
| Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes? | Prokaryotes are cells lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Simple structure and have bacteria and archaea. Eukaryotes DO HAVE a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Organize and compartmentalize cell functions. |
| 3 Domains of Life | Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya |
| What is Hierarchical organization of living things in order? | Atoms, Molecules, Organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem and biosphere |
| Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family. Genus, Species, |
| Emergent Properties | Properties that arise when individual components are combined within a system |
| Example of Emergent Properties: | Your lungs help you breathe due to all the cells functioning as a whole rather than individually. |
| Gene | Hereditary, transferred from parent to offspring and helps determine characteristics of off spring. |
| Unity in Diversity | "The idea that all living organisms, despite their vast diversity, share certain fundamental characteristics that point to a common ancestry" |
| Example of Unity in Diversity: | All life on earth is related, but has variations that differentiate |
| Matter | Has mass and takes up space |
| Element | a pure substance that cant be broken down into other substances |
| Compound | Substance formed of two or more different elements that are chemically joined |
| Antomy of an Atom | Central nucleus containing positive charged protons and neutral neutrons, Surrounded by negative electrons orbiting the nucleus in different energy levels. |
| Protons | Subatomic particle with positive electrical charge |
| Neutrons | Subatomic particle with neutral charge, in nuclei with protons |
| Electrons | particles with essentially no mass carrying a negative charge. surround the nucleus |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons in an element |
| Atomic Mass | Number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an element |
| Unit that measures Atomic Mass | AMU of Daltons |
| Cation | Positively charged ion |
| Anion | Negativly charged ion |
| Elements on the left side of the periodic table are more likely to form which type of ions (Cation or Anion) | Cations |
| Isotope | Different forms of the same chemical element. |
| Example of Isotopes: | Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14 |
| How does atomic mass differ between isotopes: | "isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different overall masses for each isotope, even though they are chemically identical; " |
| Valence Electrons | Electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom |
| When will atoms have a + or - charge in valence electrons? | "Losing electrons = positive charge: fewer negative charges to balance out the+ charges in the nucleus. Gaining electrons = negative charge: atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged due to the increased - charges |
| Ionic bond forms how? | When an atom completely transfers one or more electrons to another atom. Creating positive charged ions that then attract eachother Example- metal atom loses, nonmetal atom gains |
| Covalent bonds form how? | " the atoms bond by sharing electrons. Covalent bonds usually occur between nonmetals. For example, in water (H2O) each hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) share a pair of electrons to make a molecule of two hydrogen atoms single bonded to a single oxygen atom." |
| Polar Covalent Bonds | Type of covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between two atoms due to a difference in electronegativity. |
| Covalent Bonds | shared electron pairs between atoms. Each Atom contributes one electron to each shared pair. |
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Cocitam08
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