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BIOL Practice Final
BIOL2210 Practice Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Robert Koch | was first to isolate the anthrax organism |
| Pasteur discovered how this process works | how yeast ferment grapes to make wine |
| The spontaneous generation of maggots was finally disproved by which of the individuals? | Francesco Redi |
| Methanogens belong to the domain | Archaea |
| Escherichia coli belong to the domain | Bacteria |
| The first antibiotic discovered was | penicillin |
| The belief that life comes from nonliving matter supports | spontaneous generation |
| Viruses have which characteristic? a. composed of prokaryotic cells b. have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan c. can reproduce within a host cell d. belong to Archaea domain | c. can reproduce within a host cell |
| Louis Pasteur was associated with which statement? a. chemotherapy b. Koch’s postulates c. rabies vaccine d. development of the first assification scheme | c. rabies vaccine |
| Using the Pasteurization technique with liquids | kills most microorganisms especially harmful to humans |
| Which group of organism is prokaryotic? a. algae b. cyanobacteria c. fungi d. plants | b. cyanobacteria |
| Escherichia coli a. was named by Koli Eschubarb b. is the pathogen responsible for anthrax c. is a coliform bacteria d. is an obligate anaerobe | c. is a coliform bacteria |
| You would find chitin in the cell wall of: a. fungi b. bacteria c. algae d. plants | a. fungi |
| Louis Pasteur proved that: a. rotten meat can spontaneously turn to maggots b. nutrient broth can spontaneously develop microorganisms c. flies give rise to maggots in rotten meat d. bacteria are everywhere | d. bacteria are everywhere |
| Lysozyme can cause the gram-positive bacterial cell wall to undergo: a. osmotic lysis b. sporulation c. run and tumble d. binary fission | a. osmotic lysis |
| A transport protein of the gram-negative cell wall membrane is: a. wall teichoic acid b. cholesterol c. porin d. pili | c. porin |
| Endospores: a. are a form of reproduction in bacteria b. are found in all bacteria c. form to help the bacteria to overcome environmental stress d. are capsules that surround the cell wall | c. form to help the bacteria to overcome environmental stress |
| This response best exemplifies what Paul Ehrlich accomplished: a. developed chemotherapy b. first to use a disinfectant during surgery c. found out that a protozoan causes silkworm disease d. pasteurization | a. developed chemotherapy |
| This individual discovered Pasteurization | Louis Pasteur |
| Bacterial flagella are: a. composed of peptidoglycan b. used during reproduction c. composed of a basal body, hook, and filament d. exactly the same as found in Eukaryotic cells | c. composed of a basal body, hook, and filament |
| Peritrichous bacteria: a. have no cell wall b. are coated with glycocalyx c. are covered with flagella d. have flagella located on both ends of its cell | c. are covered with flagella |
| All of the following are prokaryotic cell structures except: a. nucleus b. endospores c. plasma membrane d. cell wall | a. nucleus |
| The space between the wall membrane and the plasma membrane of the gram negative cell wall is called the: a. endospore b. fimbriae c. periplasm d. vacuole | c. periplasm |
| The NAG and NAM of the cell wall are: a. carbohydrates b. phospholipids c. chitin d. proteins | a. carbohydrates |
| All of the following are part of the gram negative cell wall except: a. peptidoglycan b. porin protein c. teicoic acid d. NAG and NAM | c. teicoic acid |
| Which of the following bacteria produce endospores? a. Bacillus subtilis b. Serratia marcescens c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Klebsiella pneumoniae | a. Bacillus subtilis |
| Small circular pieces of DNA that are not part of the main DNA of bacteria are called: a. plasmids b. capsules c. flagella d. axial filaments | a. plasmids |
| Axial filaments are only found in: a. vibrios b. Escherichia coli c. cocci d. spirochetes | d. spirochetes |
| The DNA of bacteria is located in the a. nucleus b. glycocallyx c. nucleoid region d. periplasmic space | c. nucleoid region |
| The movement of any substance from high concentration to low concentration is called: a. diffusion b. active transport c. substance locomotion d. prophage | a. diffusion |
| Groups of eight cocci bacteria are referred to as: a. tetrads b. sarcinae c. streptococci d. staphylococci | b. sarcinae |
| Cocci bacteria arranged into clusters are called: a. diplococci b. streptococci c. staphylococci d. coccobacilli | c. staphylococci |
| A glycocalyx is: a. a type of endospore b. either a slime layer or capsule c. a type of flagella arrangement d. found only in spirochetes | b. either a slime layer or capsule |
| The slightly bent shape of bacteria is referred to as: a. cocci b. vibrios c. bacilli d. coccobacilli | b. vibrios |
| An enzyme found in saliva, tears and mucus is: a. penicillin b. lysozyme c. flagellin d. axial filament | b. lysozyme |
| All of the following are prokaryotic cell structures except: a. nucleus b. spores c. plasma membrane d. cell wall | a. nucleus |
| A characteristic associated with many pathogenic bacteria are: a. capsules b. cytoplasm c. flagella d. ribosomes | a. capsuless |
| Fimbriae function in bacteria to: a. adhere to other cells or structures b. poison their prey c. make endospores d. make proteins | a. adhere to other cells or structures |
| Bacteria with only one flagellum are called: a. monotrichous b. lophotrichous c. amphitrichous d. peritrichous | a. monotrichous |
| The type of locomotion in bacteria with flagella is called: a. hop and go b. nip and tuck c. cut and run d. run and tumble | d. run and tumble |
| A selectively permeable structure is the: a. cell membrane b. cytoplasm c. plasmid d. ribosome | a. cell membrane |
| A hypertonic solution would probably cause a bacterial cell to: a. swell up and burst b. shrivel up and die c. stay the same d. none of the above | b. shrivel up and die |
| All of the following substances can pass readily through cell membranes except: a. ions b. small nonpolar molecules c. water d. oxygen | a. ions |
| A wall membrane is associated with: a. Archaea b. gram-negative bacteria c. gram-positive bacteria d. all bacteria | b. gram-negative bacteria |
| If a bacterium was placed into an isotonic solution, the cell would: a. burst b. shrink c. undergo osmotic lysis d. stay the same | d. stay the same |
| When one molecule of glucose undergoes aerobic respiration in bacteria, how many ATP molecules are produced? a. 6 b. 24 c. 32 d. 38 | d. 38 |
| The ATP making machine of respiration is called the: a. proton pump b. ATP synthase c. substrate level phosphorylation d. redox | b. ATP synthase |
| Oxygen is used during respiration: a. as an energy source b. to make ATP c. to remove electrons away from the electron transport system d. as a coenzyme | c. to remove electrons away from the electron transport system |
| The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is: a. NAD+ b. carbon dioxide c. glucose d. oxygen | d. oxygen |
| All enzymes: a. are used up in a reaction b. work at an optimum temperature c. not specific in their reactions d. react with the product to form the substrate | b. work at an optimum temperature |
| How many ATPs are produced by one FADH2? a. none b. two c. three d. four | b. two |
| The active site of an enzyme recognizes the: a. product in an enzymatic reaction b. noncompetitive inhibitor in an enzymatic reaction c. substrate in an enzymatic reaction d. organic catalyst in an enzymatic reaction | c. substrate in an enzymatic reaction |
| Anabolism is best-represented by: a. respiration b. starch digestion c. photosynthesis d. glycogen conversion to glucose | c. photosynthesis |
| How many ATP molecules are produced from lactic acid fermentation? | two |
| What is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis? | two |
| All are connected to ethyl alcohol production except: a. anaerobic respiration b. fermentation c. 36 ATP made d. carbon dioxide is produced | 36 ATP made |
| How many proton pumps are there in electron transport? | Three |
| ADP can gain energy and a phosphate group to become | ATP |
| How many ATP are required to activate glucose during glycolysis? | TWO |
| One NADH makes how many ATPs during electron transport? | Three |
| The universal energy compound is | ATP |
| When bacteria are placed in a hypertonic solution, what occurs? | lose water from their cytoplasm and shrivel up |
| A type of bacteria isolated from the frozen tundra was found to be thriving in this environment. These bacteria are: | psychophiles |
| Microorganisms capable of living in the Dead Sea where salt concentrations reach 30% are referred to as: | extreme halophiles |
| These microorganisms require low concentrations of oxygen for optimum growth | microaerophiles |
| Which group of bacteria would pose the greatest risk of disease to humans | mesophiles |
| Using soap and water to wash your hands does what? | removes bacteria by removing oily film on skin |
| Ethylene oxide is a type of antimicrobial agent classified as: | a gaseous chemosterilizer |
| Microorganisms that do not use oxygen but can grow in its presence are called: | facultative anaerobes |
| Bacteria grow best at which pH? | pH 6.5 to 7.5 |
| Acidophiles prefer | acidic environments |
| Pathogens are generally | mesophiles |
| Bacteria responsible for spoiling food under refrigeration are | psychotrophs |
| Salt serves as a preservative by | removing water from bacteria |
| Microoganisms capable of living in deep hydrothermal vents are | hyperthermophiles |
| Which method of microbial control is a form of moist heat sterilization? | autoclave |
| Heavy metals exhibit microbial action by | oligodynamic action |
| The least effective method to sterilize is: a. direct flaming b. burning c. using a disinfectant d. autoclaving | c. using a disinfectant |
| Heavy metals that control microbial growth are: | silver, mercury, and copper |
| Use of the Bunsen burner on an inoculating loop to kill microorganisms is an example of: a. moist heat sterilization b. Pasteurization c. oligodynamics d. dry heat sterilization | d. dry heat sterilization |
| An amino acid is carried to the ribosome during translation by | tRNA |
| The “start” codon is always | AUG |
| Decoding messenger RNA into a protein is known as: | translation |
| The making of RNA by DNA is called: | transcription |
| The RNA sugar is | ribose |
| The genetic material of the bacteria is | DNA |
| The basic structure of nucleic acids is the | nucleotide |
| Two strands of DNA are held together by | hydrogen bonds |
| Which of the following is part of DNA but not RNA? a. deoxyribose b. uracil c. adenine d. phosphate group | a. deoxyribose |
| All of the following are true about DNA except: a. double helix structure b. composed of nucleotides c. contains the base uracil d. carries the genetic code | c. contains the base uracil |
| Two pyrimidine bases of DNA are | thymine and cytosine |
| The four DNA bases are arranged in the genetic code in combinations of how many nucleotides? A. two b. three c. five d. eight | b. three |
| The classification scheme with the most representative species is: | domain |
| From the most members to the least, identify the correct order of taxonomic hierarchy? a. domain, phylum, class, genus b. domain, class, species, genus c. phylum, kingdom, domain, species d. domain, species, phylum, genus | a. domain, phylum, class, genus |
| Chloroplasts found in present day eukaryotic cells became part of these cells when: | ancestral eukaryotic cells engulfed photosynthetic prokaryotic cells |
| Into which domain would gram-positive bacteria placed? a. Protista b. Eukarya c. Bacteria d. Archaea | c. Bacteria |
| Archaea and Bacteria representatives are classified according to all of the following except: a. carbohydrate metabolism b. structural similarities c. ribosomal RNA similarities d. sexual reproduction | d. sexual reproduction |
| Which word best exemplifies both Archaea and Bacteria microorganisms? a. all prokaryotic b. all photosynthetic c. all enterics d. all Eukarya | a. all prokaryotic |
| In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the | genus |
| Treponema is the genus of bacteria that causes | syphilis |
| A group of bacteria capable of metabolizing pesticides and oil belongs to the genus | Pseudomonas |
| Rickettsia: a. are never pathogenic b. are nitrogen fixing bacteria c. can break down oil and pesticides d. can cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever | d. can cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
| An obligate intracellular parasite is: a. Staphylococcus b. Escherichia c. Legionella d. Rickettsia | d. Rickettsia |
| Toxic shock syndrome is caused by: a. Staphylococcus b. Mycoplasmas c. Halococcus d. Closteridium | a. Staphylococcus |
| Gardnerella can cause: a. typhoid b. pneumonia c. vaginitis d. foot and mouth disease | c. vaginitis |
| Closteridium can cause: a. anthranx b. hoof and mouth disease c. botulism d. crown gall disease | c. botulism |
| Salmonella species are dangerous bacteria, some of which cause | typhoid |
| Crown gall disease is caused by which bacteria? | Agrobacterium |
| Which of the following is not an enteric bacteria? a. Escherichia b. Enterobacter c. Salmonella d. Treponema | d. Treponema |
| Spirochetes differ from other bacteria because they: a. move by flagella b. are enterics c. have axial filaments d. cause plant cancer | c. have axial filaments |
| The deer tick is the vector for: a. Lyme disease b. malaria c. bubonic plague d. strep throat | a. Lyme disease |
| A disease contracted by E. coli O157:H7 is: a. vaginitis b. food poisoning c. typhoid d. toxic shock syndrome | b. food poisoning |
| Bdellovibrio attacks and kills: a. gram-negative bacteria b. insect vectors c. humans d. big game animals | a. gram-negative bacteria |
| Treponema is the genus of bacteria that causes: a. dysentary b. pink eye c. ulcers d. syphilis | d. syphilis |
| A group of bacteria capable of metabolizing pesticides and oil belongs to the genus: a. Yersinia b. Pseudomonas c. Bdellovibrio d. Proteus | b. Pseudomonas |
| The spirochete, Borellia is the pathogen for: a. Lyme disease b. syphilis c. salmonellosis d. stomach ulcers | a. Lyme disease |
| Viruses: a. are about the same size as the typical bacterial cell b. have a cell wall composed of cellulose c. have either DNA or RNA but not both as their genetic material d. are all eukaryotic | c. have either DNA or RNA but not both as their genetic material |
| Proteins composing the capsid of the virus are called: a. lysozyme b. single-strand binding proteins c. chitin d. capsomeres | d. capsomeres |
| Complex viruses are: a. any viruses b. adenoviruses c. bacteriophages d. prions | c. bacteriophages |
| If viruses are considered living, it is probably because they: a. undergo respiration b. are motile c. have numerous organelles in their cytoplasm d. contain a nucleic acid | d. contain a nucleic acid |
| DNA makes RNA makes protein depicts the flow of genetic information. Although this is the rule, an exception is displayed in: a. retroviruses b. E. coli c. adenovirusers d. bacteriophages | a. retroviruses |
| A sheath, base plate, collar and tail fibers are structures of the: a. bacteriophage b. AIDS virus c. tobacco mosaic virus d. adenovirus | a. bacteriophage |
| RNA is the genetic material of which virus? a. adenovirus b. retrovirus c. bacteriophage d. all viruses | b. retrovirus |
| All of the following are true about viruses except: a. viruses are species specific and tissue specific b. the retrovirus is a complex viruses c. some viruses can make DNA from RNA d. viruses can reproduce only within their host | b. the retrovirus is a complex viruses |
| Viruses that are enveloped are: a. adenoviruses b. retroviruses c. bacteriophages d. prions | b. retroviruses |
| Reverse transcriptase: a. is an enzyme of the bacteriophage that causes lysis of E. coli b. can make DNA from RNA c. can make RNA from DNA d. is an antibiotic secreted by some viruses to kill bacteria | b. can make DNA from RNA |
| Prophages are: a. bacteriophage DNA inserted into the genome of E.coli b. proteins making up the tail region of bacteophages c. a type of bacteria capable of killing viruses d. a type of adenovirus | a. bacteriophage DNA inserted into the genome of E.coli |
| Retroviruses have all of the following structure except: a. envelope b. sheath c. capsid d. RNA | b. sheath |
| What occurs during the lysogenic cycle? a. a baceriophage’s DNA enters the bacteria and causes lysis b. a bacteriophage goes through the lytic cycle c. the bacteriophage’s DNA combines with E. coli’s DNA d. the E. coli is destroyed | c. the bacteriophage’s DNA combines with E. coli’s DNA |
| When viral DNA incorporates itself into the genome of human DNA, the viral DNA becomes: a. a provirus b. an enveloped virus c. destroyed d. a bacteriophage | a. a provirus |
| If a bacterial ribosome was not permitted to make proteins, which of the following antimicrobial agents would you expect to be involved? a. penicillin b. sulfanilamide c. quinolones d. streptomycin | d. streptomycin |
| Which statement is not true concerning antibiotics? a. some antibiotics are effective by inhibiting cell wall synthesis b. some antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis c. all antibiotics are equally effective against any bacteria | c. all antibiotics are equally effective against any bacteria |
| Penicillin is not effective against bacteriophage because they lack: a. ribosomes b. a plasma membrane c. cytoplasm d. a cell wall | d. a cell wall |
| A competitive inhibitor stops enzyme reactions by: a. changing the structure of the products b. binding to the active site of an enzyme c. binding to the enzyme in a place other than the active site and changing the enzyme’s structure | b. binding to the active site of an enzyme |
| All of the following inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria except: a. penicillin b. chloramphenicol c. erythromycin d. tetracycline | a. penicillin |
| A broad spectrum drug is: a. cephalosporin b. tetracycline c. vanomycin d. penicillin | b. tetracycline |
| Fungi are not affected by penicillin because fungi: a. lack a cell wall b. lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls c. are prokaryotic d. lack an organized nucleus | b. lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls |
| A type of drug effective against nucleic acids is: a. streptomycin b. rifampin c. erythromycin d. penicillin | b. rifampin |
| Which of the below is an accomplishment of Louis Pasteur? a. developed the rabies vaccine b. discovered the first antibiotic c. first to use antiseptics during surgery d. discovered disinfectants | a. developed the rabies vaccine |
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brian.belson
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