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Vocabulary Module 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | The final stage of HIV infection, in which infections, tumors, and central nervous system symptoms appear due to a weakened immune system that is unable to fight infection. |
| Airborne Precautions | Prevent the spread of pathogens that travel through the air after being expelled. |
| Anti-microbial | An antimicrobial agent destroys, resists, or prevents the development of pathogens. |
| Asepsis | The absence of bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms. |
| Bacteria | Microscopic living organisms that have only one cell. Can cause infection. |
| Bio-hazard | A risk to human health or the environment arising from biological work, especially with microorganisms. |
| Blood borne Pathogens (BBP) | A disease that can be spread through contamination by blood and other body fluids. |
| Cancer | A general term used to describe a disease in which abnormal cells grow in an uncontrolled way. |
| Center for Disease Control (CDC) | A federal government agency responsible for improving the overall health and safety of the people of the United States. |
| Chain of Infection | The infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry and susceptible host. |
| Clean | In health care, a condition in which an object is not contaminated with pathogens. |
| Clostridium Difficile (C-Diff) | A bacterium that is spread by spores in feces that are difficult to kill; it causes symptoms such as diarrhea and nausea and can lead to serious infammation |
| Communicable Diseases | An infectious disease transmissible by direct contact or by indirect contact. |
| Contact Precautions | Precautions intended to prevent transmission of infectious agents. |
| Contamination/Contaminated | Soiled, unclean; having disease-causing organisms or infectious material on it. |
| COVID-19 | An airborne disease that is caused by the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). |
| Cross Contamination | The process by which bacteria or other microorganisms are unintentionally transferred from one substance or object to another, with harmful effect. |
| Dirty | Has been contaminated with pathogens. |
| Disinfect | Means that most, but not all, pathogens are destroyed. |
| Disinfectant | A chemical liquid that destroys pathogens. |
| Doff | To remove |
| Don | To put on |
| Droplet Precautions | Prevents the spread of pathogens that travel by droplets in the air. |
| Exposure Control Plan | A plan that outlines specific work practices to prevent exposure to infectious material and identifies step-by-step procedures to follow when exposures do occur. |
| Exposure Incident | Specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee's duties. |
| Hand Hygiene | Washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs. |
| Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) | An infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care for another condition. |
| Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma. |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | A virus that attacks the body's immune system and gradually disables it; eventually can cause AIDS. |
| Immune System | A complex network of organs, cells, and proteins that defend the body against infection, whilst protecting the body's own cells. |
| Immunity | Resistance to infection by a specific pathogen. |
| Infection | The state resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying. |
| Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) | Based on preventing patients and health care workers from being harmed by avoidable infections. |
| Influenza | A common, sometimes deadly viral infection of the nose, throat and lungs. |
| Isolation | Separates sick people with a contagious disease from people who are not sick. |
| Microorganism | A living thing or organism that is so small that it is only visible under a microscope; also called microbe. |
| Multidrug-resistant Organisms (MDRO's) | Microorganisms, mostly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents that are commonly used for treatment. |
| Non-Pathogen | A pathogen incapable of causing disease. |
| Normal Flora | Microorganisms that normally live in and on the body and do not cause harm in a healthy person, as long as the flora remain in that particular location. |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | A federal government agency that makes and enforces rules to protect workers from hazards on the job. |
| Pathogens | Microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease. |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards. |
| Reverse Isolation | Isolation to help protect the resident from pathogens in the first place. |
| Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) | Infections caused caused by sexual contact with infected people; signs and symptoms are not always apparent. |
| Standard Precautions | A method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease. |
| Sterile | Means that there are no microorganisms on the person or thing, including those from spores. |
| Transmission-Based Precautions | Precautions used when the patient(s) already have confirmed or suspected infections. |
| Tuberculosis (TB) | A contagious disease caused by bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is transmitted through the air; usually affects the lungs, but other body parts can also be affected, such as the spine, brain, and kidneys. |
| Tumor | A group of abnormally growing cells. |
| Virus | An infectious agent that can only replicate within a host organism. |
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