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pharm test3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the second leading cause of death in the US and number one in ages 1 - 15 | Cancer |
| What is a written plan for the treatment of cancer called | Protocols |
| What information is included on a protocol | Drug, Dose, Interval and additional drugs |
| To control tumor growth, palliative care, to shrink the tumor and to help improve quality of life are the purpose of | Angioplastic Agents |
| Chemo in high doses that kills the tumor is known as | tumoricidal |
| In the event there is infiltration or extravacation of chemotherapy what are the steps the nurse should take | Stop the infusion, aspirate, call the doctor and apply a warm compress |
| Chemo that is given by IV access works | systemically |
| Chemo is given in cycles to give the body time to | recover |
| What is the number 1 reason for hospitalization of chemo patients | dehydration |
| These drugs work by causing cross linking of dna strands, abnormal base pairing or dna strand breaks, preventing the cell from dividing | Alkylating Agents |
| What is the most common Alkylating Agent used | Cycophosphamide (Cytoxan) |
| What is a common Antimetabolite that can cause renal and hepatic dysfunction | Folic Acid Antagonists (Methotextrate) |
| Which medication is mostly excreted in the lungs as CO2, and S?E’s include Stomatitis , hyperpigmentation & severe bone marrow suppression | Flourouracil: 5-FU, Adrucil |
| What should you avoid when taking Flourouracil: 5-FU, Adrucil | Live virus vaccines |
| The most common Antitumor Antibiotic that is excreted in the urine, metabolized in the urine, and you should run ecg and cardiac enzymes b4 administering | Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) |
| What is the blistering of tissue by a cancer drug called | vesication |
| Whan a pt is taking Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) what can increase the effects of the drug | green tea and some herbs |
| Some side effects of Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) are hyperpigmentation, esophagitis, severe cardiotoxic effects and | red urine |
| When taking Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) you should monitor the cardiac enzymes and | liver enzymes |
| Do not handle or take Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) when pregnant or for how many years before | 2 |
| What is a common mitotic inhibitor drug that is developed from the periwinkle plant | Vincristine (Onconvin) |
| Vincristine is a vesicant and must be given by | IV only |
| Vincristine (Onconvin) can cause peripheral neuropathy, stocking glove syndrome, constipation, neurotoxicity, hyponatremia, hyperuricemia and | perilitic illeus |
| Antineoplastic/other agents like hormone therapy, corticosteroids, sex hormones and other agents are used to | enhance the protocol of cancer treatments |
| Bone marrow suppression can cause | death |
| Gardicil and Hep B vaccines are considered to be | Biotherapy Agents |
| Any drug that ends in “mycin” will effect the | Liver and hearing |
| A therapy that is extremely expensive, has severe GI issues so you should stay hydrated, have dermatological S/E and is safe to take at home are | Targeted Therapies |
| What are given with cancer protocols, help a bodies immune system, not tumoricidal & pts may need heparin therapy | Colony Stimulating Factors |
| Erythropoetin Stimulating Agents (ESA), Epoetin and Darepoetin Alpha agents, stimulate the RBC growth in the body so you must monitor what | HGB |
| Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factors (G-CSF), Filgrastim (Neupogen) and Pegilfrstim(Neulasta) all stimulate | WBC to fight infection |
| You can not give CSF’s within how many hours of chemotherapy | 24 |
| Some side effects of RBC stimulating agents are Arthralgias(joint pain), clots, headaches and what | Hypertension |
| Side effects of WBC stimulators are sore throat, expanding of bone marrow, chest pain and | skeletal pain |
| With WBC stimulating Factors watch for what to accidently rupture | Spleen |
| What is the lowest WBC level possible | Nadir |
| What is the gas exchange in the alveoli called | respiration |
| What is the exchange of air between external and internal | ventilation |
| What is the blood flow in the alveoli | perfusion |
| How does perfusion relate to respiration | The blood is where the gases are exchanged |
| What drug blocks a histamine response | antihistamine |
| What are the safety precautions for taking diphenhydramine | don’t drive or operate heavy machinery |
| What are 1st generation antihistamines S/E’s | cause drowsiness and dry mouth |
| What are 2nd generation S/E’s | little to no sedation |
| In a H1 histamine response what happens | The nasal cavity is constricted |
| What type of tissue is the tracheobronchial tube made of | smooth involuntary muscle |
| What is low lung compliance | lungs don’t open as much, they are non stretchy. Can’t breathe as well |
| People with an acute asthma attack, severe liver disease, lower resp disease, neonates or on MAOI’s should not take | diphenhydramine |
| What are anticholenergic symptoms | dry mouth, decreased secretions, blurred vision and urinry retention |
| What are common uses for diphenhydramine | rhinitis, itching, allergic reactions, sleep aid and motion sickness |
| Why shouldn’t you give diphenhydramine to children | nightmares, nervousness and irritability |
| Why shouldn’t you give diphenhydramine to the elderly | confusion, dry mouth, N/T, dizziness, painful urination, drowsiness |
| How do nasal decongestants work | shrink nasal mucous membranes, reduce fluid secretions |
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