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MicroBio Chapter 4
Bacterial Culture, Growth, & Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Essential nutrients | cannot be synthesized, must be supplied |
| Required Macronutrients | CHONPS; serve as building blocks for cellular structures and energy sources |
| Required Micronutrients | Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Z; functions as cofactors or signaling molecules |
| Growth Medium | macro + micro nutrients combined |
| Complex (rich) Media | has pre-formed nutrients; has nutrients that cells can readily assimilate; suitable for fastidious organisms Ex: protein sources (beef/yeast extract) |
| Defined (synthetic, minimal) Media | chemical composition is known; requires bacteria to synthesize all necessary molecules |
| Selective Media | contains chemical components that inhibits certain bacteria; inhibits/favors growth of others; allows for the isolation and study of specific bacterial types |
| Differential Media | visualize metabolic differences between bacterial types |
| Enrichment Culture | provides conditions to enhance growth of specific bacterial types |
| Photoautotroph | uses light for energy and CO2 for carbon |
| Chemoheterotroph | uses organic compounds as both carbon and energy sources |
| Lag Phase | - no growth - acclimate to surroundings - turn on/off genes - synthesis |
| Log Phase | - fastest growth - most metabolically active state |
| Stationary phase | - stress response - nutrient limited - cell size decrease - growth rate = death rate |
| Death Phase | - lack of nutrients - pH changes lead to exponential decline in cell numbers |
| Fed-batch Culture | feed additional nutrients at mid-log phase |
| Stages of Biofilm Formation | initiation -> attachment -> maturation -> maintenance -> dissolution (IAMMD) |
| Quorum Sensing | - cellular communication - triggers formation of exopolysaccharide (EPS), forming matrix of entrapped organic/inorganic molecules - allows bacteria to coordinate their behavior based on population density |
| Stage of Endospore Formation | DNA replication -> septum formation -> mother cell engulfs forespore -> formation of thick spore coat -> dipicolonic acid, calcium incorporated -> cell released |
| Germination | involves rehydration and metabolic activation of the endospore, influenced by nutrients, temperature, and moisture availability |
| Structural Components That Contribute to Endospore Resistance | - thick spore coat - peptidoglycan layer - dipicolonic acid - calcium ions |
| Endospore Forming Types | - Bacillus: aerobic - Clostridium: obligate anaerobes |
| Endospore Formation | - response to environmental stress - survival mechanism that allows bacteria to endure unfavorable conditions |
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