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Inner Ear (Cochlea)
Audiology Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many turns does the Cochlea have? | 2.5 full turns |
| The cavity is filled with ________ | Fluids |
| What are the four primary functions of the cochlea? | Amplify sounds, turn vibrations into neural signal, neural coding of frequency, and one stage of neural coding of loudness |
| What are the three divisions of the inner ear? | Scala vestibuli, scala media, and scala tympani |
| The scala vestibuli is filled with what fluid? | Perilymph |
| The scala tympani is filled with what fluid? | Perilymph |
| Perilymph is very similar to what fluid? | Cerebral spinal fluid |
| The scala media is filled with what fluid? | Endolymph |
| Endolymph is high in _____________, which is good for creating __________ ___________ | Potassium, action potentials |
| The scala vestibuli and scala media are separated by? | Reissner's membrane |
| The scala media and scale tympani are separated by the? | Basilar membrane |
| The _____________ lines the lateral wall of the scala media | Stria vascularis |
| The stria vascularis is responsible for? | Producing endolymph |
| The _____________ sits on the basilar membrane | Organ of corti |
| The Organ of Corti holds _______ types of sensory cells. These sensory cells are the ________ and ________ | Two, outer hair cells and inner hair cells |
| Besides the outer and inner hair cells, what else is the organ of corti comprised of? | The tectorial membrane |
| Stereocilia | Sensory cells |
| Stereocilia extend above the body of the hair cells and touch the bottom of the _____________________ | Tectorial membrane |
| Shearing action of tectorial membrane move the ___________ back and forth | Stereocilia |
| What is the stereocilia's function? | Gated ion channels |
| What kind of interaction occurs between the tectorial membrane and sensory cells? | Shearing |
| When stereocilia are ________, the hair cells can create an __________ ____________ | Open, action potential |
| Once an action potential is created from open stereocilia, this transmits ______________ into a ___________ ____________ | vibrations, neural signal |
| Tip links | Connect stereocilia |
| The longest stereocilia | Kinocilia |
| What do tip links do? | Connect smaller stereocilia and pull gated ion channels open with movement |
| There are _______ rows of outer hair cells | Three |
| What shape are outer hair cells? | Cylindrical |
| What is the primary function of outer hair cells? | Amplify vibrations |
| Outer hair cells are lined with ___________ | Prestin |
| Prestin | Motile proteins |
| Explain how prestin amplifies sound | Prestin changes shape when stereocilia ion channels are open causing the outer hair cells to “dance”. This motion exacerbates the movement vibration and amplifies sound |
| There is _______ row of inner hair cells | One |
| What shape are inner hair cells? | Pear |
| What is the primary function of the inner hair cells? | Sends neural signals to the brain – Directly connects to the auditory nerve |
| __________ is coded into a nerual signal at the level that inner hair cells ___________ on the auditory nerve | Loudness, synapse |
| Each neuron connected the inner hair cells respond best to different __________ _________ | Intensity levels |
| What does each neuron connected to inner hair cells code? | Loudness |
| What is the ribbon synapse's function? | Stimulates the auditory nerve with neurotransmitters when stereocilia are open |
| What neurotransmitter is stimulated by the ribbon synapse? | Glutamate |
| How is the Cochlea and basilar membrane organized? | Tonotopically |
| Tonotopically organized | Each location codes a different frequency |
| Different regions of the basilar membrane respond best to different sound ____________ | Frequencies |
| Maximum vibration of the basilar membrane at a particular region leads to activation of _________ _________ in that region | The sensory cells |
| Width of the basilar membrane steadily increases from ________ to __________ | Base, apex |
| In the basilar membrane, high frequency is where? | Max vibration of the base |
| In the basilar membrane, low frequency is where? | Max vibration of the apex |
| The base of the basilar membrane is ________ and _________ | Thin, stiff |
| The apex of the basilar membrane is ________- and __________ | Wide, flexible |
| The ___________ _____ ________ determines at what location basilar membrane vibrates | Frequency of sound |
| What does the Helicotrema do? | Connects the scala vestibuli to the scale tympani. This allows round window to relieve pressure |
Created by:
RachelJClark
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