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Geology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is the age of the solar system in Ma? | 4,567 Ma |
| What are the Earth's major spheres? Be specific | Geosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere & Biosphere. Geosphere is the solid earth or land, hydrosphere is water and ice on earth, atmosphere is the air in our Earth and biosphere is the living things on Earth. |
| The Big Bang occurred how many billion years ago? | 13.8 Billion years ago |
| A currently universally accepted hypothesis of start system/planetary formation is known as the_____________hypothesis? (2 words) | Solar Nebula |
| Earth's internal structure. The Earth's layered structure consists of: | The inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle and the crust. |
| The upper mantle and crust make up this major tectonic feature of our planet | Lithosphere |
| New lithosphere is produced at_________________ plate boundaries | Divergent |
| Lithosphere is destroyed at _________________ plate boundaries | Convergent |
| This type of tectonic plate boundary is also known as "conservative," i.e., no lithosphere is produced or destroyed there. | Transform Plate Boundary |
| Identify the 7 major lithospheric plates | North American Plate, Pacific Plate , South American Plate, Eurasian Plate , African Plate , Indo-Australian Plate , Antarctic Plate |
| The East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge represent__________ boundaries | Divergent |
| The_____________ lies directly beneath the lithosphere and is around 200 km thick | Asthenosphere |
| What is the likely cause of the melting of mantle material along divergent plate boundaries? Why? | Mantle material (solid) rises because of convection and experiences a drop in pressure, which lowers the melting temperatures of mantle minerals. |
| The outer core is in a ____________ state? | liquid |
| List the types of convergent plate boundaries. | Oceanic-Oceanic, Oceanic-Continent & Continent-Continent |
| The _____________ plate boundaries are characterized by very frequent but relatively low-intensity earthquakes. | Oceanic Transform |
| The ____________ plate boundaries are characterized by infrequent but high to very high-intensity earthquakes. | Convergent |
| The bulk of Earth's mantle is in a__________ state. | Solid |
| The outer core is ___________ dense than the lower mantle | More |
| The atomic number of an element is defined by the number of__________ in its nucleus? | Protons |
| The atomic mass of an element is defined by the number of ______________ in its nucleus? | Protons & Neutrons |
| The _____________ chemical bond is formed when one atom donates and electron to the other. | Ionic |
| The ___________ chemical bond forms when one or more pairs of electrons are shared by different atoms. | Covalent |
| What is a crystal? | A single continuous piece of crystalline solid, their structure is very neat and in a specific order. They will grow to what their area allows, and they are bound by flat surfaces. |
| A tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weak chemical bonds is known as | Cleavage |
| Although considered minerals, ______________ lack crystalline structure. | metals |
| Describe the Oceanic-Oceanic type of convergent plate boundaries. | Forms trenches in the sea and creates volcanoes under water that eventually rise up. |
| Describe the Oceanic-Continent type of convergent plate boundaries. | Creates volcanoes, when the ocean water subducts under the continental plate, the water creates the perfect setting for magma to generate and flow upward |
| Describe the Continent-Continent type of convergent plate boundaries. | Creates long belt mountain ranges. |
| What is the solar nebula hypothesis? | The idea that a spinning cloud of dust made of mostly light elements, called a nebula, flattened into a protoplanetary disk and became a solar system consisting of a star with orbiting planets |
| Name the 3 types of plates | Divergent, convergent and transform plates |
| Describe a divergent plate | These plates move away from each other and create new lithosphere. This occurs above rising convection currents and pushes the two plates away from each other (Ex. Mid-Atlantic Ridge) |
| Describe a convergent plate | These plates collide with each other and one will start to subduct under the other because it is less dense (Oceanic plates are less dense then continental). You will find volcanoes near these plates(Ex. The Washington-Oregon Coastline of the US) |
| Describe a transform plate | These plates glide against each other and will create faults (Ex. San Andres Fault Zone) |
Created by:
ciguado5
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