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Sekas Chapter 2

The Geosphere

TermDefinition
Crust the brittle, rocky, least dense, outermost solid layer of Earth
Oceanic Crust the crust under oceans, and is made of dense rocks that contain iron and magnesium
Continental Crust the crust on land, and is less dense and about four times thicker than oceanic crust
Mantle the thick middle layer in the solid part of Earth
Lithosphere the rigid outermost layer of Earth that includes the uppermost mantle and crust
Asthenosphere the plastic layer within the mantle
Convection Currents the cycle of heating, rising, cooling, and sinking
Core the dense metallic center of Earth
Rock a naturally occurring solid composed of minerals, rock fragments, and sometimes other materials such as organic matter
Grains the individual particles in a rock
Magma molten rock beneath the surface of Earth
Lava molten rock that erupts on Earth's surface
Texture grain size and how the grains are arranged, for rocks
Sediment material that forms when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or dissolved in water
Lithification the process through which sediment turns into rock
Rock Cycle a series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock
Extrusive Rock the igneous rock that forms when lava cools and crystallizes on Earth's surface
Intrusive Rock igneous rock that forms as magma cools underground
Uplift the rising of regions of the crust to higher elevations. It increases the rate of erosion of rocks.
Deposition the laying down or settling of eroded material
Compaction the weight of overlying layers of sediment pushes the grains of the bottom layers closer together
Cementation when minerals crystallize, they hold the grains together
Igneous Rock a type of rock that forms when magma or lava cools and hardens to become solid
Sedimentary Rock a type of rock that forms when small particles of rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
Metamorphic Rock a type of rock that forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions
Created by: brandi.sekas
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