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Human Anatomy JCCC
Human Anatomy JCCC 2010 Makarov
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1st Classification of Joints (3) | Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial |
| Fibrous Joints | Where bones are held together by dense connective tissue (fibrous.) |
| Cartilaginous Joints | Bones joined by cartilage. |
| Synovial Joints | Most common type of joint. Fluid filled joint cavity. |
| 2nd Classification of Joints (3) | Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis |
| Synarthrosis Joints | Immobile joints (i.e. cranial.) |
| Amphiarthrosis Joints | Slightly mobile joints. |
| Diarthrosis Joints | Freely mobile joints. |
| Mobility / Stability Relationship in joints. | Inverse relationship. |
| Gomphosis | A fibrous joint. Periodontal membranes hold tooth to bony jaw. [Synarthrosis] |
| Suture | A fibrous joint. Dense regular connective tissue connects skull bones. [Synarthrosis] |
| Syndesmosis | A fibrous joint. Dense regular connective tissue fibers (interosseus membrane) between bones. [Amphiarthrosis] |
| synchondrosis | A cartilaginous joint. Hyaline cartilage plate between bones. [Synarthrosis] |
| Symphysis | A cartilaginous joint. Fibrocartilage pad between bones. [Amphiarthrosis] |
| Types of Synovial Joints (3) | Uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxial. [Diarthrosis.] |
| Plane joint | A uniaxial, synovial joint. Flattened or slightly curved faces slide across one another. |
| Hinge joint | A uniaxial, synovial joint. Permits angular movements in a single plane. (Flex and extension.) |
| Pivot joint | Permits rotation only. |
| Condylar joint | Biaxial, synovial joint. Oval articular surface on one bone closely interfaces with a depressed oval surface on another bone. |
| Saddle joint | Saddle-shaped articular surface on one bone closely interfaces with saddle-shaped surface on another bone. |
| Ball and socket joint | A multiaxial, synovial joint. Round head of one bone rests within cup-shaped depression in another bone. |
| What kind of joint is: tooth to jaw | Fibrous > Gomphosis |
| What kind of joint is: lambdoid suture | Fibrous > Suture |
| What kind of joint is: Articulation between radius and ulna | Fibrous > Syndesmosis |
| What kind of joint is: Epiphyseal plate | Cartilaginous > Synchondrosis |
| What kind of joint is: Costochondral | Cartilaginous > Synchondrosis |
| What kind of joint is: Pubic Symphysis | Cartilaginous > Symphysis |
| What kind of joint is: Intercarpal and Intertarsal | Synovial > Uniaxial > Plane |
| What kind of joint is: Elbow joint | Synovial > Uniaxial > Hinge |
| What kind of joint is: Atlantoaxial joint | Synovial > Uniaxial > Pivot |
| What kind of joint is: MP joint | Synovial > Biaxial > Condylar |
| What kind of joint is: Articulation between first metacarpal and carpal | Synovial > Biaxial > Saddle |
| What kind of joint is: Glenohumeral joint and hip joint | Synovial > Multiaxial > Ball and Socket |
| Acronym to Remember All Joint Classifications | Good Sir Simon .. Sat Six .. Unicorns Beside Me. (Please Help Put) (Creature's Saddle) (Back.) Gomphosis, Suture, Syndesmosis, Synchondrosis, Symphysis, UNIAXIAL (Plane, Hinge, Pivot), BIAXIAL (Condylar, Saddle), MULTIAXIAL (ball-and-socket.) |
| Most mobile joint? | Hip |
| Diabetes can damage which ligaments? | Peridontal |
| Suture Joints Have Complete ___? | Ossification of two bones. |
| Most important aspect of synovial joints? | The joint cavity. |
| Synovial Joint Characteristics | Joint cavity, synovial fluid, articular capsule, and ligaments. |
| What is the articular capsule composed of? | Synovial membrane and fibrous layer (superficial.) |
| Where are ligaments found in synovial joints? | Both inside and outside the joint cavity. |
| TMJ stands for: | Temporomandibular Joint. (Synovial Joint) |
| Gliding motion | Two articular surfaces slide past each other. Slight movement. |
| Flexion [Angular] | Angle between articulating bones decreases. Usually in sagittal plane. |
| Extension [Angular] | Angle between articulating bones increases. Usually in sagittal plane. |
| Hyperextension [Angular] | Extension movement continues past the anatomic position. |
| Lateral flexion [Angular] | The vertebral column moves in either lateral direction along coronal plane. |
| Abduction [Angular] | Movement of bone away from midline; coronal plane. |
| Adduction [Angular] | Movement of bone toward the midline; coronal plane. |
| Circumduction [Angular] | Circular movement. |
| Pronation [Rotational] | Rotation of the forearm whereby the palm is turned posteriorly. |
| Suppination [Rotational] | Rotation of the forearm whereby the palm is turned anteriorly. |
| Depression [Special] | Movement of a body part inferiorly. |
| Elevation [Special] | Movement of a body part superiorly. |
| Dorsiflexion [Special] | Ankle joint movement whereby the sole of the foot is brought closer to the anterior surface of the leg. |
| Plantar flexion [Special] | Ankle joint movement whereby the sole of the foot is brought closer to the posterior surface of the leg. |
| Inversion [Special] | Twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole medially or inward |
| Eversion [Special] | Twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole laterally or outward |
| Protraction [Special] | Anterior movement of a body part from anatomical position. |
| Retraction [Special] | Posterior movement of a body part from anatomical position. |
| Opposition [Special] | Special movement of the thumb across the palm toward the fingers to permit grasping of an object. |
| Reposition [Special] | Flex the thumb back. |
| Internal Rotation [Special] | Rotating in towards body. (Medial) |
| External Rotation [Special] | Rotating out away from body. (Lateral) |
| Main Ligaments of the Glenahumoral Joint | Glenhurmoral Ligaments & Coracohumoral Ligaments |
| Most Important Joint of the Shoulder | ACL |
| Which joint has the strongest ligaments in the human body? | The hip. |
| What is THE strongest ligament? | Illiofemoral ligament. |
| Where does the hip join stop? | At the intertrochanteric line. (?) |
| Hip joint is anterior or posterior? | Anterior |
| The extrinsic hip joint ligaments? | Illiofemoral and Ischiofemoral |
| Intrinsic ligament of hip joint? | Ligament of head of femur |
| The glenoid labrum of the shoulder joint does what? | Hugs the articular surface better. |
| Which joint has bone going over the articulation? | The knee. |
| Major ligament of the knee? | Patellar. |
| What is inferior to the patella? | The patellar ligament. |
| What is superior to the patella? | The tendon of quadreceps femoris |
| Where are the menisci? | In the knee joint. (Medial and lateral menisci.) |
| Other major knee joint ligaments? | ACL & PCL. Easy to damage. Connect to the intercondylar eminence. |
| Is ACL anterior or posterior? | Anterior |
| Is PCL anterior or posterior? | Posterior |
| Other ligaments of the knee? | Fibular collateral and tibial collateral. |
| Which is weaker: ACL or PCL? | ACL |
| Deltoid : Action [Flexion & Medial Rotation, Abduction, Extension and Lateral Rotation] | Flex and medially rotate the arm, prime mover of arm abduction and extends and laterally rotates the arm. |
| Deltoid : Origin | Acromial end of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula. |
| Deltoid : Insertion | Deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
| Deltoid : Innervation | Axillary nerve (C5-C6) |
| Coracobrachialis : Action [Adduction & Flexion] | Adducts and flexes arm |
| Coracobrachialis : Origin | Coracoid process of scapula. |
| Coracobrachialis : Insertion | Middle medial shaft of humerus. |
| Coracobrachialis : Innervation | Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) |
| Biceps brachii (long head) : Action | Flexes arm |
| Biceps brachii (long head) : Origin | Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula |
| Biceps brachii (long head) : Insertion | Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis |
| Biceps brachii (long head) : Innervation | Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6 fibers) |
| Triceps brachii (long head) : Action [Extension & Flexion] | Primary extensor of forearm, also extends and adducts arm |
| Triceps brachii (long head) : Origin | Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula |
| Triceps brachii (long head) : Insertion | Olecranon process of ulna |
| Triceps brachii (long head) : Innervation | Radial nerve (C5-C7 axons) |
| Biceps brachii (long head) : Action | flexes arm |
| Biceps brachii (long head) : Origin | Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula |
| Biceps brachii (long head) : Insertion | Radial tuberosity and biciptial aponeurosis |
| Biceps brachii (short head) : Action | Flexes forearm, powerful supinator of forearm |
| Biceps brachii (short head) : Origin | coracoid process of scapula |
| Biceps brachii (short head) : Insertion | Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis |
| Biceps brachii (short head) : Innervation | Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 - C6 fibers) |
| Brachialis : Action | Primary flexor of forearm |
| Brachialis : Origin | Distal anterior surface of humerus |
| Brachialis : Insertion | Tuberosity and coronoid process |
| Brachialis : Innervation | Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6 fibers) |
| Brachioradialis : Action | Flexes the forearm |
| Brachioradialis : Origin | Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus |
| Brachioradialis : Insertion | Styloid process of the radius |
| Brachioradialos: Innervation | Radial nerve (C6-C7 fibers) |
| Triceps brachii (Lateral Head): Action | Primary extensor of forearm |
| Triceps brachii (Lateral Head): Origin | posterior humerus above radial groove |
| Triceps brachii (Lateral Head): Insertion | olecrenon process of ulna |
| Triceps brachii (Lateral Head): Inervation | Radial Nerve |
| Triceps brachii (Medial head): Action | Primary extensor of forearm |
| Triceps brachii (Medial head): Origin | Posterior humerus below radial groove |
| Triceps brachii (medial head): Innervation | Radial Nerve |
| Anconeus: Action | Extends the forearm |
| Anconeus: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of humerus |
| Anconeus: Insertion | Olecranon of ulna |
| Anconeus: Innervation | Radial Nerve |
| Pronator teres: Action | Pronates forearm |
| Pronator teres: Origin | Medial epicondyle of humerus |
| Pronator teres: Insertion | Lateral surface of radius |
| Pronator teres: Innervation | Median nerve |
| Flexor carpi radialis: Action | flexes wrist and abducts the hand |
| Flexor carpi radialis: Origin | Medial epicondyle of humerus |
| Flexor carpi radialis: Insertion | Base of metacarpals II and III |
| Flexor carpi radialis: Innervation | Median Nerve |
| Flexor carpi ulnaris: Action | Flexes wrist and adducts the hand |
| Flexor carpi ulnaris: Origin | Medial epicondyle of humerus; olecranon and posterior surface of ulna |
| Flexor carpi ulnaris: Insertion | Pisiform and hamate bones; base of metacarpal V |
| Flexor carpi ulnaris: Innervation | Ulnar nerve |
| Palmaris longus: Action | Weak wrist flexor |
| Palmaris longus: Origin | Medial epicondyle of humerus |
| Palmaris longus: Insertion | Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis |
| Palmaris longus: Innervation | Median nerve |
| Flexor digitorum superficialis: Action | Flexes wrist, 2nd-5th MP joints, and PIP joints |
| Flexor digitorum superficialis: Origin | Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna |
| Flexor digitorum superficialis: Insertion | Middle phalanges of fingers 2-5 |
| Flexor digitorum superficilaris: Innervation | Median nerve |
| Flexor digitorum profundus: Action | Flexes wrist, 2nd-5th MP joints, PIP joints and DIP joints |
| Flexor digitorum profundus: Origin | Anteromedial surface of ulna; interosseous membrane |
| Flexor digitorum profundus: Insertion | Distal phalanges of fingers 2-5 |
| Flexor digitorum profundus: Innervation | Lateral 1/2 of muscle innervated by median nerve, medial 1/2 of muscle innervated by ulnar nerve |
| Extensor carpi radialis longus: Action | Extends the wrist, abducts the hand |
| Extensor carpi radialis longus: Origin | Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus |
| Extensor carpi radialis longus: Insertion | Base of metacarpal II |
| Extensor carpi radialis longus: Innervation | Radial Nerve |
| Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Action | Extends the wrist, abducts the hand |
| Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of humerus |
| Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Insertion | Base of metacarpal III |
| Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Innervation | Radial nerve |
| Extensor digitorum: Action | Extends the wrist, extends 2nd-5th MP joints, PIP joints, and DIP joints |
| Extensor digitorum: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of humerus |
| Extensor digitorum: Insertion | Distal and middle phalanges of fingers 2-5 |
| Extensor digitorum: Innervation | Radial Nerve |
| Extensor digiti minimi: Action | Extends wrist, MP, and PIP joints of finger 5 |
| Extensor digiti minimi: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of humerus |
| Extensor digiti minimi: Insertion | Proximal phalanx of finger 5. |
| Extensor digiti minimi: Innervation | Radial Nerve |
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