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Earth Science unit 1
Review words for the unit 1 quiz/test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Measurements | A comparison with a known standard which has the same meaning to everyone Must include a NUMBER and a UNIT Example: 15.6 g |
| US Customary | system of measurement used in the US that includes inches, feet, pounds, and fluid ounces for units |
| Metric System | international decimal system for measurement that uses meters, grams, and liters for units |
| Measurements: Metric System | Prefixes of the metric system are based on powers of 10 Each step is either 10x bigger or 10x smaller Conversions either move the decimal to the right or left |
| LENGTH: | Extent of something from end to end Instrument: Ruler Units: meter (m) Rounding: tenths place |
| MASS: | amount of matter in an object Instrument: Electronic balance (triple beam balance) Units: gram (g) |
| VOLUME: | Amount of space an object occupies Instrument: Graduated Cylinder or Ruler Units: milliliters (ml) |
| DISPLACEMENT METHOD: | The volume of fluid that is displaced when an object is submerged |
| TEMPERATURE: | Degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object Instrument: Thermometer Units: Celsius (metric) or fahrenheit (customary) |
| AIR PRESSURE | Force exerted by air Instrument: Barometer Units: millibars (mb) or atmospheres (atm) |
| Observations | Uses the five senses to gather information Sight, Sound, Smell, Taste, and touch The noting and recording of facts |
| Inferences | Process of drawing a conclusion based on observations Form a hypothesis (an educated guess) Example: You hear screaming You smell hamburgers You see a lot of people |
| Classification | The action or process of organizing something according to shared qualities or characteristics 2 Classification Systems in Earth Science Rock Classification and Star Classification |
| Prediction | The use of knowledge to identify and explain observations, or changes, in advance |
| Formulas: Density | The measure of MASS per unit VOLUME Uses the equation: d=m/v Where d is density, m is mass, and v is volume |
| Formulas - Percent Deviation | The measure of error between an observed value to the expected value Also known as Percent Error Percent Deviation Calculation: (Expected - Observed)/ Expected x 100 |
| Formulas - Rate of Change | The measure of the change of a field value over time. R.O.C. = ΔFV t FV = Field Value t = time |
| Accuracy | The measure of closeness to a desired target or goal. The true value |
| Precision | The measure of identical and repeated experiments Seeing the same results each time. |
| Measurements: Rounding | To the nearest tenth: 0.1 (one decimal place) To the nearest hundredth 0.01 (two decimal places) To the nearest thousandth 0.001 (three decimal places) |
| quantitative | observations that use numbers Example: The ESRT has 16 pages |
| qualitative | Observations that are descriptive Example: The classroom is decorated well. |
| Inferences | Process of drawing a conclusion based on observations Form a hypothesis (an educated guess) |
| classification | The action or process of organizing something according to shared qualities or characteristics |
| prediction | The use of knowledge to identify and explain observations, or changes, in advance |
| Density formula | The measure of MASS per unit VOLUME Uses the equation: d=m/v |
| percent deviation | The measure of error between an observed value to the expected value Also known as Percent Error Percent Deviation Calculation: (Expected - Observed)/ Expected x 100 |
| rate of change | The measure of the change of a field value over time. R.O.C. = ΔFV t FV = Field Value t = time |
| accuracy | The measure of closeness to a desired target or goal. The true value |
| density | How tightly packed atoms are |
| dependent variable | the variable that is measured and affected by an experiment |
| independent variable | the variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by other factors |
| direct relationship | As one variable increases, the other increases Examples: Population vs. Pollution As population increases, pollution levels also increase. |
| indirect relationship | As one variable increases, the other decreases Examples: Distance vs. Gravity The further away from the center of gravity an object is, the less the pull of gravity will be. |
| cyclic | As one variable increases, the other changes in a predictable pattern |
| cyclic events | Changing Seasons Moon Phases Yearly Temperatures |
| rate of change | The speed at which a variable changes over a specific period of time |
| Formula - Volume | l x w x h (length x width x height) |
| If a temperature increases... | the density will decrease |
| if pressure increases | density will increase |
| extrapolate | estimate or conclude (something) |
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