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Rocks and Minerals

AKS 2a, 2b

TermDefinition
CHARACTERISTICS OF A MINERAL A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
Naturally Occurring Existing by nature, not made by man.
Inorganic Not formed from living things or the remains of living things.
Crystalline Structure The ordered arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystalline material.
Definite Chemical Composition A mineral always contains certain elements in definite proportions. Ex. h2o
cleavage The tendency of a mineral that breaks along flat surfaces into layers.
fracture The tendency of a mineral that breaks irregularly, not perfectly or into layers.
Streak the color of a minerals powder when rubbed against an unglazed porcelain plate
Luster the term that describes how a mineral reflects light from its surface. Ex. glassy, pearly, dull, metallic
Moh's Hardness Scale A scale that ranks minerals from softest to hardest.
physical properties Can be observed or measured without changing its composition of matter, appearance, texture, color, odor, density.
hardness To scratch a mineral against different items to determine how soft or hard the mineral is.
Solid Cannot flow like a liquid or float like a gas.
Buoyancy An objects ability to float in water or air.
Color first impression of the outside hue. (Not a reliable test)
Density An object's relationship of mass to volume.
Magnetic Attracted to a magnet. Contains iron, cobalt, or nickel.
Metamorphic rock formed by heat and pressure
Sedimentary Rock After rocks go through weathering and erosion, layers of sediments are deposited, compacted and cemented together over time (lithification)
Weathering to break a rock into sediments
Erosion the movement of sediments from one place to another
deposition when a sediments stops or drops
cementation and compaction process by which sedimentary rocks are glued and stuck together over time
Igneous Rock formed by melting and cooling of magma or lava
Intrusive Igneous Rock Formed beneath the earths surface from magma, cools slowly, forms coarse grains, feels rough, and most common intrusive igneous rock is granite
Extrusive Igneous Rock Formed above earth's surface from lava, cools quickly, forms fine grains, feels smooth and most common extrusive igneous rock is basalt.
Rock Cycle the process of rocks changing from one rock to another over the course of millions of years.
Created by: nataliarooney
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