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BIO 1

Lesson 2: Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

QuestionAnswer
PROKARYOTIC CELLS - pro means? old
PROKARYOTIC CELLS - karyon means? nucleus
They are usually microscopic measuring about 1 to 10 um PROKARYOTIC CELLS
it is about 3.5 billion years old PROKARYOTIC CELLS
they do not have a well defined nucleus. PROKARYOTIC CELLS
an outer layer that provides protection GLYCOCALYX
It helps bacteria to old on to surfaces and protects them from being engulfed by macrophages GLYCOCALYX
It may exist a rigid capsule or a more unstructured slime layer GLYCOCALYX
a structure that confers the rigidity and shape to the cell. CELL WALL
It is found outside of the plasma membrane and is composed of peptidoglycan. CELL WALL
a structure that prevents the loss of water and electrolytes inside the cell. PLASMA MEMBRANE
it also prevents the entry of unwanted substances into the cell. PLASMA MEMBRANE
it is composed of phospholipid bilayer. PLASMA MEMBRANE
a small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecule found in the cytoplasm, it is separate from chromosomal DNA. PLASMID
the region where the DNA is concentrated. NUCLEOID
the whole inside region of the cell where chromosomes ribosomes, and other cellular inclusions are suspended CYTOPLASM
the site where the proteins are synthesized together RIBOSOME
a short, hair-like appendage on the surface of some bacteria . It helps bacteria adhere to the surfaces of host cells PILUS ( Plural, pili)
a long thread like structure that facilitates movement of the bacteria FLAGELLUM-(plural flagella)
like fibers that are shorter than pili. It primarily used for bacterial attachment to tissue surfaces. FIMBRIAE-bristle
A group of organisms that lack true nucleus and other membrane bound organelles PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Few specified structures PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Small and simple PROKARYOTIC CELLS
DNA within the cytoplasm PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Circular DNA PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Have cell membranes PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Cell Division by BINARY FISSION ( bacterial cell ) PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Plasmids + simple flagella PROKARYOTIC CELLS
ARCHAEA BACTERIA the oldest prokaryotes PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Cells containing nucleus and membrane bound organelles EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Linear DNA EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Membrane bound organelles EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Cellulose cell walls EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Cell division by MITOSIS EUKARYOTIC CELLS
No plasmids EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Flagella made of microtubules EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Have both cell membranes and cell wall EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Possess cell walls PLANT CELLS
Chloroplasts are present PLANT CELLS
Almost rectangular in shape PLANT CELLS
Possess large vacuoles PLANT CELLS
Cilia rarely occur in PLANT CELLS
Higher plants do not possess centrioles PLANT CELLS
Have no or less number of lysosomes PLANT CELLS
Do not possess cell wall ANIMAL CELLS
No chloroplasts ANIMAL CELLS
Round in shape ANIMAL CELLS
Have many small vacuoles ANIMAL CELLS
Cilia are present in animal cells ANIMAL CELLS
Contain centrioles ANIMAL CELLS
Possess many number of vacuoles ANIMAL CELLS
- it is called the control center of the cell because it contains the DNA NUCLEUS
this is where chromosomes are found or the genetic material NUCLEUS
this where the ribosomes are formed and can be found in both plants and animals. NUCLEOLUS
-spherical body with nucleus. NUCLEOLUS
-it where the exchange of the materials between the cytoplasm and nucleus takes place. NUCLEAR PORE
-is a semi permeable membrane that facilitates the movement of molecules inside and outside the plant or animal cell. CELL MEMBRANE
A viscous fluid or jelly like material where organelles are embedded CYTOPLASM
the powerhouse of the cell MITOCHONDRIA
they produce much of the energy (ATP) MITOCHONDRIA
-center for CELLULAR RESPIRATION MITOCHONDRIA
The storage area of the cell VACUOLE
Store water, food and waste materials VACUOLE
a series of tunnels throughout the cytoplasm ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
-transport proteins from one part of the cell to another ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
-it is the surface for chemical activity ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
TWO TYPES OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum and Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome free and function in detoxification of lipids Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
contains ribosomes and releases newly made proteins from the cell. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
-synthesized proteins or the protein factories RIBOSOMES
Receive proteins and other compounds from the ER GOLGI BODY/APPARATUS
Package and distribute the materials to the plant and animal cell GOLGI BODY/APPARATUS
Stores and releases chemicals GOLGI BODY/APPARATUS
breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful substances PEROXISOMES
Contain hydrolytic enzymes LYSOSOMES
Digestion center LYSOSOMES
Also known as garbage disposal center LYSOSOMES
A series of fibers made from proteins CYTOSKELETON
COMPONENTS OF CYTOSKELETON MICROTUBULES, INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS, MICROFILAMENTS
CYTOSKELETON COMPONENT absent in plant cell, it provide pathways for certain cellular molecules MICROTUBULES
CYTOSKELETON COMPONENT -Absent in plants -most stable component -provide structure to the nuclear envelope INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
CYTOSKELETON COMPONENT -pipe like structures -help provide shape and movement for the cells MICROFILAMENTS
A rigid organelle composed of cellulose that gives plant cell a box shape CENTRIOLES
Gives shape and support to the cell CENTRIOLES
Located near the nucleus CENTRIOLES
Are microscopic cylinders that support and give the cell the shape MICROTUBULE
This where the food for plants are made CHLOROPLAST
It traps light and it used to produce food for plants CHLOROPHYLL
Are more complex than prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic Cells
Bigger than prokaryotic cells more complex than prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic Cells
more complex than prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic Cells
Measures 10 to 100 μm in diameter Eukaryotic Cells
The most distinguishing feature of this type of cell is compartmentalization Eukaryotic Cells
Examples of Eukaryotic Cells Examples: cells from animals, plants, protists, and fungi
Every cells has three main parts, except for bacteria. Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane
Sometimes called the plasma membrane Cell membrane
A thin layer that separates the cell from its external environment Cell membrane
Functions as a selective barrier that regulates the entrance and exit of substances into and out of cells Cell membrane
A selectively permeable membrane Cell membrane
The outermost covering of animal cells, however, in plant cells, the cell wall is the outermost covering Cell membrane
Can be described in two models: the classical model and the fluid mosaic model Cell membrane
The cell membrane has two models: Classical model and mosaic model
Created by: annebelle
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